Accumulation of current-use pesticides, cholinesterase inhibition and reduced body condition in juvenile one-sided livebearer fish (Jenynsia multidentata) from the agricultural Pampa region of Argentina

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 36-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Céline Brodeur ◽  
Marisol Sanchez ◽  
Luciana Castro ◽  
Dante Emanuel Rojas ◽  
Diego Cristos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Pampa Region ◽  
Jenynsia Multidentata

scholarly journals Individual and demographic consequences of reduced body condition following repeated exposure to high temperatures

Ecology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Gardner ◽  
Tatsuya Amano ◽  
William J. Sutherland ◽  
Mark Clayton ◽  
Anne Peters
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Reduced Body

scholarly journals Costly parasite resistance: a genotype-dependent handicap in sand lizards?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Olsson ◽  
Erik Wapstra ◽  
Thomas Madsen ◽  
Beata Ujvari ◽  
Carl Rugfelt
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Specific Restriction ◽  
Lacerta Agilis

Male sand lizards ( Lacerta agilis ) with a specific restriction fragment length polymorphism fragment in their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotype (‘O-males’) are more resistant to ectoparasites (a tick, Ixodes ricinus ) than are males that lack this fragment (‘NO-males’). However, emerging evidence suggests that such adaptive immune responses are costly, here manifested by reduced body condition and a compromised defence against secondary infections by haemoprotid parasites that use the ticks as vectors. Subsequent to tick encounter, O-males suffer from a higher leucocyte–erythrocyte ratio, and higher haemoprotid parasitaemia, in particular in relation to vector encounter rate. Furthermore, O-males (i.e. successful tick defenders) with more haemoprotid parasites remaining in their blood stream were in better body condition, whereas this did not apply in NO-males, demonstrating that the adaptive immunoreaction can—in the short term—be energetically even more costly than being moderately parasitized. In agreement with Zahavian handicap theory, O-males had a (marginally) higher reproductive success than males that lacked this fragment.

scholarly journals Individual and demographic consequences of reduced body condition following repeated exposure to high temperatures

Ecology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Gardner ◽  
Tatsuya Amano ◽  
William J. Sutherland ◽  
Mark Clayton ◽  
Anne Peters
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Reduced Body

Reduced body condition and enzymatic alterations in frogs inhabiting intensive crop production areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1370-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Brodeur ◽  
Romina P. Suarez ◽  
Guillermo S. Natale ◽  
Alicia E. Ronco ◽  
Maria Elena Zaccagnini
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Production Areas

Analysis of variables associated with the Ichthyophonus hoferi epizootics in Norwegian spring spawning herring, 1992–2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1862-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Kramer-Schadt ◽  
Jens Christian Holst ◽  
Dankert Skagen
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Individual

We present a long-term study of epizootics in a migratory fish species that shows major advancements in our understanding of marine disease ecology. On the individual macroscopic level, Ichthyophonus hoferi infections in herring significantly reduced body condition (p < 0.01) and reproductive capacity (gonad weight, p < 0.001). Infection prevalence increased with age (p < 0.001, R adj2  = 0.71). Prevalence in the catches strongly depended on target school size and was thus higher in trawl catches. We found strong seasonality in infection prevalence within years, with peaks in summer and winter. Summer peaks spatially formed an “infectious belt” off the west coast of Norway, consisting of infected fish unable to follow the migration routes to the feeding grounds. Prevalence varied also between years (p ≤ 0.001). Since 1992, it had declined from stock prevalence levels of 10%, down to almost extinction, with another major peak in 1999. The annual peaks could best be associated with strong year classes (Pearson’s r = 0.56), a good overall body condition (r = 0.86), and plastic wintering behaviour.

scholarly journals Persistence of a population of palmate newts Lissotriton helveticus in a saline environment on the west coast of Scotland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Callum J Ullman-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Rock Pools ◽  
The West ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Lissotriton Helveticus ◽  
Palmate Newt

A six year survey of a palmate newt (Lissotriton helveticus) population in rock pools on the west coast of Scotland indicates that this species has some tolerance of saline conditions. The newts were living with a mean salinity (conductivity) of 382 ppm (range 30.7 ppm to >4995 ppm). Other interesting observations include a variation in mating behaviour, in which normal open water behaviour is confined to crevices, and the occurrence of ‘pelvic bumps’ in some individuals that may indicate reduced body condition.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic development of otolith shape during settlement of juvenile Barents Sea cod (Gadus morhua)

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2389-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Irgens ◽  
Olav S Kjesbu ◽  
Arild Folkvord
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Otolith Shape ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
The Barents Sea

Abstract This study documents how settlement of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Barents Sea affects otolith growth and morphology. A simple method to objectively discriminate between age 0 and age 1 cod sampled in late summer was demonstrated by using only two otolith morphometric descriptors: area and perimeter. In the pre-settled 0-group cod, otolith lobe formation clearly increased with fish size, resulting in high otolith crenulation. This trend was disrupted during settlement, resulting in noticeably less crenulated otoliths of the settled 1-group cod sampled in winter. Combined observations of otolith shape, fish size, and body condition suggest that environmental factors associated with settlement during autumn, particularly reduced food intake, directly affect lobe formation leading to less crenulated otoliths. Comparably reduced body condition and otolith crenulation of 0-group cod in bottom trawls (vs. pelagic trawls) may indicate early settlement or vertical exploratory behaviour in the Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey (in August–September) and, thus, an underrepresentation of 0-group cod from pelagic trawling.

scholarly journals Effects of bottom trawling on fish foraging and feeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1799) ◽  
pp. 20142336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Frederick Johnson ◽  
Giulia Gorelli ◽  
Stuart Rees Jenkins ◽  
Jan Geert Hiddink ◽  
Hilmar Hinz
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
Prey Biomass ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
The Irish Sea

The effects of bottom trawling on benthic invertebrates include reductions of biomass, diversity and body size. These changes may negatively affect prey availability for demersal fishes, potentially leading to reduced food intake, body condition and yield of fishes in chronically trawled areas. Here, the effect of trawling on the prey availability and diet of two commercially important flatfish species, plaice ( Pleuronectes platessa ) and dab ( Limanda limanda ), was investigated over a trawling intensity gradient in the Irish Sea. Previous work in this area has shown that trawling negatively affects the condition of plaice but not of dab. This study showed that reductions in local prey availability did not result in reduced feeding of fish. As trawling frequency increased, both fish and prey biomass declined, such that the ratio of fish to prey remained unchanged. Consequently, even at frequently trawled sites with low prey biomass, both plaice and dab maintained constant levels of stomach fullness and gut energy contents. However, dietary shifts in plaice towards energy-poor prey items were evident when prey species were analysed individually. This, together with a potential decrease in foraging efficiency due to low prey densities, was seen as the most plausible cause for the reduced body condition observed. Understanding the relationship between trawling, benthic impacts, fish foraging and resultant body condition is an important step in designing successful mitigation measures for future management strategies in bottom trawl fisheries.

Plastic ingestion lead to reduced body condition and modified diet patterns in the rocky shore crab Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Brachyura: Grapsidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 111249
Author(s):  
Matheus Souza Ferreira de Barros ◽  
Tereza Cristina dos Santos Calado ◽  
Marina de Sá Leitão Câmara de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Modified Diet

scholarly journals Changes in physiological stress and behaviour in semi-free-ranging red-capped mangabeys ( Cercocebus torquatus ) following antiparasitic treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1835) ◽  
pp. 20161201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagan Friant ◽  
Toni E. Ziegler ◽  
Tony L. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Cercocebus Torquatus ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs ◽  
Glucocorticoid Production ◽  
Free Ranging

Parasites are ubiquitous in wildlife populations, but physiological and behavioural responses of hosts to infection are difficult to measure. We experimentally treated semi-free-ranging red-capped mangabeys ( Cercocebus torquatus ) in Nigeria with antiparasitic drugs and examined subsequent changes in glucocorticoid production and individual behaviour. Because both parasites and stress impact energy balance and health, we measured (i) behavioural time re-allocation via activity budgets, (ii) social relationships (e.g. social connectivity and dominance hierarchy stability) and (iii) body condition. We collected triplicate faecal samples ( n = 441) from 49 individuals prior to and following treatment. Cortisol levels fluctuated in parallel with parasite abundance. Elevations in cortisol, but not parasitism, were related to reduced body condition. Behaviour also shifted according to infection status, with uninfected individuals spending more time foraging and less time resting and vigilant compared with when they were infected. Time spent feeding, travelling or socializing did not differ between pre- and post-treatment time periods. Group cohesion, but not dominance stability, changed following treatment, suggesting parasite-induced social avoidance. Together, these findings show a coordinated response to infection that promotes host tolerance through stress and energy conservation, reduces transmission risk and increases protection when infected hosts are vulnerable.

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