scholarly journals Individual and demographic consequences of reduced body condition following repeated exposure to high temperatures

Ecology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Gardner ◽  
Tatsuya Amano ◽  
William J. Sutherland ◽  
Mark Clayton ◽  
Anne Peters
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Reduced Body

scholarly journals Individual and demographic consequences of reduced body condition following repeated exposure to high temperatures

Ecology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Gardner ◽  
Tatsuya Amano ◽  
William J. Sutherland ◽  
Mark Clayton ◽  
Anne Peters
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Reduced Body

scholarly journals Costly parasite resistance: a genotype-dependent handicap in sand lizards?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Olsson ◽  
Erik Wapstra ◽  
Thomas Madsen ◽  
Beata Ujvari ◽  
Carl Rugfelt
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Specific Restriction ◽  
Lacerta Agilis

Male sand lizards ( Lacerta agilis ) with a specific restriction fragment length polymorphism fragment in their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotype (‘O-males’) are more resistant to ectoparasites (a tick, Ixodes ricinus ) than are males that lack this fragment (‘NO-males’). However, emerging evidence suggests that such adaptive immune responses are costly, here manifested by reduced body condition and a compromised defence against secondary infections by haemoprotid parasites that use the ticks as vectors. Subsequent to tick encounter, O-males suffer from a higher leucocyte–erythrocyte ratio, and higher haemoprotid parasitaemia, in particular in relation to vector encounter rate. Furthermore, O-males (i.e. successful tick defenders) with more haemoprotid parasites remaining in their blood stream were in better body condition, whereas this did not apply in NO-males, demonstrating that the adaptive immunoreaction can—in the short term—be energetically even more costly than being moderately parasitized. In agreement with Zahavian handicap theory, O-males had a (marginally) higher reproductive success than males that lacked this fragment.

Reduced body condition and enzymatic alterations in frogs inhabiting intensive crop production areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1370-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Brodeur ◽  
Romina P. Suarez ◽  
Guillermo S. Natale ◽  
Alicia E. Ronco ◽  
Maria Elena Zaccagnini
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Production Areas

Analysis of variables associated with the Ichthyophonus hoferi epizootics in Norwegian spring spawning herring, 1992–2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1862-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Kramer-Schadt ◽  
Jens Christian Holst ◽  
Dankert Skagen
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Individual

We present a long-term study of epizootics in a migratory fish species that shows major advancements in our understanding of marine disease ecology. On the individual macroscopic level, Ichthyophonus hoferi infections in herring significantly reduced body condition (p < 0.01) and reproductive capacity (gonad weight, p < 0.001). Infection prevalence increased with age (p < 0.001, R adj2  = 0.71). Prevalence in the catches strongly depended on target school size and was thus higher in trawl catches. We found strong seasonality in infection prevalence within years, with peaks in summer and winter. Summer peaks spatially formed an “infectious belt” off the west coast of Norway, consisting of infected fish unable to follow the migration routes to the feeding grounds. Prevalence varied also between years (p ≤ 0.001). Since 1992, it had declined from stock prevalence levels of 10%, down to almost extinction, with another major peak in 1999. The annual peaks could best be associated with strong year classes (Pearson’s r = 0.56), a good overall body condition (r = 0.86), and plastic wintering behaviour.

The costs of keeping cool in a warming world: implications of high temperatures for foraging, thermoregulation and body condition of an arid‐zone bird

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3063-3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. du Plessis ◽  
Rowan O. Martin ◽  
Philip A. R. Hockey ◽  
Susan J. Cunningham ◽  
Amanda R. Ridley
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Warming World

Effects of Body Condition and Level of Nutrition Before Mating on Fertility of Awassi Ewes

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 222-222
Author(s):  
S Filo ◽  
A V Goodchild ◽  
T T Treacher
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Near East ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
Poor Management

Surveys of flocks in the Near East have shown that lambing percentages of Awassi ewes are rarely above 85% and often as low as 65%. This is a major cause of the low output of sheep systems in the region. The low fertility results from a combination of poor nutrition, poor management, disease and possibly the effects of high temperatures at mating, which generally occurs in mid-summer.Studies by Kassem et al (1989) and Thomson and Bahhady (1988) indicated that the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes is affected by body condition at mating. Neither of these studies was specifically designed to investigate the effects of weight or body condition and level of nutrition before mating on reproduction in Awassi ewes. The experiment reported here is the second in a series specifically designed to investigate the effects of body condition at mating, and level of nutrition before and after mating, on the fertility of Awassi ewes.

scholarly journals Persistence of a population of palmate newts Lissotriton helveticus in a saline environment on the west coast of Scotland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Callum J Ullman-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Rock Pools ◽  
The West ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Lissotriton Helveticus ◽  
Palmate Newt

A six year survey of a palmate newt (Lissotriton helveticus) population in rock pools on the west coast of Scotland indicates that this species has some tolerance of saline conditions. The newts were living with a mean salinity (conductivity) of 382 ppm (range 30.7 ppm to >4995 ppm). Other interesting observations include a variation in mating behaviour, in which normal open water behaviour is confined to crevices, and the occurrence of ‘pelvic bumps’ in some individuals that may indicate reduced body condition.

scholarly journals Archaeological Ceramic Diagenesis: Clay Mineral Recrystallization in Sherds from a Late Byzantine Kiln, Israel

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Steve Weiner ◽  
Alla Nagorsky ◽  
Yishai (Isai) Feldman ◽  
Anna Kossoy
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Recrystallization Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Archaeological Ceramic

The pseudo-amorphous clay components of some of the pottery sherds that formed a surface in the firing chamber of a Late Byzantine kiln were shown by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to have undergone almost complete recrystallization. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that the crystalline montmorillonite component of these sherds increased and kaolinite formed de novo. As this recrystallization process only occurred in the center of the firing chamber, we infer that the recrystallization process was due to repeated exposure of the sherds to high temperatures. The zeolite gonnardite was identified by X-ray diffraction. The chemical compositions of sodium-rich minerals, determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), are consistent with the presence of gonnardite and analcime, and showed that the sodium was partially substituted by calcium and other cations. As these zeolites were also present in sherds from the upper pottery chamber, they did not form only as a result of repeated exposure to high temperatures. The demonstration that the clay mineral component of ceramics can undergo diagenetic recrystallization supports the possibility that provenience studies based on elemental analyses, especially of cooking pots that are repeatedly exposed to high temperatures, may be affected by recrystallization.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic development of otolith shape during settlement of juvenile Barents Sea cod (Gadus morhua)

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2389-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Irgens ◽  
Olav S Kjesbu ◽  
Arild Folkvord
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Otolith Shape ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
The Barents Sea

Abstract This study documents how settlement of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Barents Sea affects otolith growth and morphology. A simple method to objectively discriminate between age 0 and age 1 cod sampled in late summer was demonstrated by using only two otolith morphometric descriptors: area and perimeter. In the pre-settled 0-group cod, otolith lobe formation clearly increased with fish size, resulting in high otolith crenulation. This trend was disrupted during settlement, resulting in noticeably less crenulated otoliths of the settled 1-group cod sampled in winter. Combined observations of otolith shape, fish size, and body condition suggest that environmental factors associated with settlement during autumn, particularly reduced food intake, directly affect lobe formation leading to less crenulated otoliths. Comparably reduced body condition and otolith crenulation of 0-group cod in bottom trawls (vs. pelagic trawls) may indicate early settlement or vertical exploratory behaviour in the Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey (in August–September) and, thus, an underrepresentation of 0-group cod from pelagic trawling.

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