Acute neurotoxicity evaluation of two anticholinesterasic insecticides, independently and in mixtures, and a neonicotinoid on a freshwater gastropod

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a deeply conserved class of small, single stranded RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA levels via several targeted degradation pathways. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes and have been used to infer the deep evolutionary relationships of major groups such as the Metazoa. Here we have surveyed several adult tissues of the freshwater pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis (the Great Pond Snail) for miRNAs. In addition we perform a shell regeneration assay to identify miRNAs that may be involved in regulating mRNAs directly involved in the shell-forming process. From seven mature tissues we identify a total of 370 unique precursor miRNAs that give rise to 336 unique mature miRNAs. While the majority of these appear to be evolutionarily novel, most of the 70 most highly expressed (which account for 99.8% of all reads) share sequence similarity with a miRBase or mirGeneDB2.0 entry. We also identify 10 miRNAs that are differentially regulated in mantle tissue that is actively regenerating shell material, 5 of which appear to be evolutionarily novel and none of which share similarity with any miRNA previously reported to regulate biomineralization in molluscs. One significantly down-regulated miRNA is predicted to target Lst-Dermatopontin, a previously characterized shell matrix protein from another freshwater gastropod. This survey provides a foundation for future studies that would seek to characterize the functional role of these molecules in biomineralization or other processes of interest.

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Histochemical studies of dopa oxidase and peroxidase in the mantle-edge of the freshwater gastropod, Helisoma duryi eudiscus (Pilsbry)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z68-026 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 165-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. P. Kapur ◽

M. A. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Positive Reaction ◽

Protein Component ◽

Negative Reaction ◽

Structural Proteins ◽

Freshwater Gastropod ◽

Helisoma Duryi ◽

Mantle Edge ◽

Dopa Oxidase ◽

Oxidase Reaction

The mantle-edge gland produces the highly tanned, densely fibrous periostracum, and the cubocolumnar cells contribute to the deposition of the less highly tanned matrix of the inner shell layers. The mantle-edge gland gives positive reactions for dopa oxidase and peroxidase, but does not contain melanin. The cubocolumnar cells reveal a positive reaction for dopa oxidase, possess numerous melanin granules, and exhibit a negative reaction for peroxidase. It is suggested that quinones may contribute to the process of tanning and hardening of the structural proteins of the shell. The dopa oxidase reaction within the cubocolumnar cells indicates the presence of tyrosine and suggests that these cells are capable of producing quinones to color and harden the protein component of the inner shell layers. It also explains the abundance of melanin granules within these cells. Within the mantle-edge gland, it is suggested that the peroxidase inhibits the formation of melanin from dopa quinone, and peroxidase, by accentuating quinone production, may cause further hardening of the periostracum.

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First freshwater gastropod preserved in amber suggests long-distance dispersal during the Cretaceous Period

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756821000285 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Tingting Yu ◽

Thomas A. Neubauer ◽

Adrienne Jochum

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Freshwater Snail ◽

Aquatic Biota ◽

Long Distance Dispersal ◽

Long Distance ◽

Burmese Amber ◽

Freshwater Gastropod ◽

The Family ◽

Cretaceous Period ◽

Globally Distributed

Abstract Burmese amber continues to provide unique insights into the terrestrial biota inhabiting tropical equatorial forests during mid-Cretaceous time. In contrast to the large amount and great diversity of terrestrial species retrieved so far, aquatic biota constitute rare inclusions. Here we describe the first freshwater snail ever preserved in amber. The new species Galba prima sp. nov. belongs in the family Lymnaeidae, today a diverse and near globally distributed family. Its inclusion in terrestrial amber is probably a result of the amphibious lifestyle typical of modern representatives of the genus. The finding of a freshwater snail on the Burma Terrane, back then an island situated at some 1500 km from mainland Asia, has implications for the dispersal mechanisms of Mesozoic lymnaeids. The Cenomanian species precedes the evolution of waterfowl, which are today considered a main vector for long-distance dispersal. In their absence, we discuss several hypotheses to explain the disjunct occurrence of the new species.

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Therapeutic potency of bee pollen against biochemical autistic features induced through acute and sub-acute neurotoxicity of orally administered propionic acid

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-016-1099-8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Huda S. Al-Salem ◽

Ramesa Shafi Bhat ◽

Laila Al-Ayadhi ◽

Afaf El-Ansary

Keyword(s):

Propionic Acid ◽

Bee Pollen ◽

Acute Neurotoxicity

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Freshwater gastropod communities in eastrn Brittany (France)

Journal of Molluscan Studies ◽

10.1093/mollus/60.4.467 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 467-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katherine Costil

Keyword(s):

Freshwater Gastropod

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A Comparison of the Potency of Newly Developed Oximes (K347, K628) and Currently Available Oximes (Obidoxime, HI-6) to Counteract Acute Neurotoxic Effects of Tabun in Rats

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove Czech Republic) ◽

10.14712/18059694.2016.65 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 85-91

Author(s):

Jiří Kassa ◽

Jana Žďárová Karasová ◽

Sandra Tesařová ◽

Kamil Musílek ◽

Kamil Kuča

Keyword(s):

Motor Activity ◽

Automatic Measurement ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Sublethal Dose ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Hi 6 ◽

Neurotoxic Effects ◽

Acute Neurotoxicity ◽

Neuroprotective Efficacy ◽

Functional Observational Battery

The ability of newly developed oximes (K347, K628) to reduce tabun-induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms was compared with currently available oximes (obidoxime, HI-6) using a functional observational battery. The neuroprotective effects of the oximes studied (K347, K628, obidoxime, HI-6) combined with atropine on rats poisoned with tabun at a sublethal dose (220 μg/kg i.m.; 80 % of LD50 value) were evaluated. Tabun-induced neurotoxicity was monitored by a functional observational battery and automatic measurement of motor activity at 24 hours following tabun challenge. The results indicate that all tested oximes combined with atropine enable tabun-poisoned rats to survive 24 hours following tabun challenge. Both newly developed oximes (K347, K628) combined with atropine are able to decrease tabun-induced neurotoxicity in the case of sublethal poisonings but they do not eliminate all tabun-induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms. Their ability to decrease the tabun-induced acute neurotoxicity is higher than that of the oxime HI-6 and it is slightly slower than the neuroprotective efficacy of obidoxime. As the neuroprotective potency of both newly developed oximes (K347, K628) is not as high as the potency of obidoxime, they are not a suitable replacement for obidoxime for the treatment of acute tabun poisonings.

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First record of subterranean rissoidean gastropod assemblages in Southeast Asia (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae)

Subterranean Biology ◽

10.3897/subtbiol.25.23463 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 9-34

Author(s):

Jozef Grego

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

New Genus ◽

First Record ◽

Karst Spring ◽

Gastropod Species ◽

The Third ◽

Freshwater Gastropod

In February 2017 we investigated several caves and karstic springs in Laos for the presence of underground freshwater gastropod species. We report previously unrecorded freshwater gastropod assemblages in the largest cave in Laos, Tham Khon Dôn, and in the third largest cave, Pha Soung, in Khammouane Province, with single finds in Na Li Cave (Khammouane Province), an unnamed cave near Vieng Thong (Bolikhamsay Province) and a small karst spring near Phonsavan (Xianghouan Province). All 15 species recorded and described herein are new to science. Four species are assigned to the new genus Pseudoiglica: P. pseudoiglica sp. n., P. olsavskyi sp. n., P. kameniari sp. n., and P. phonsavanica sp. n. Three species are assigned to the new genus Thamkhondonia: T. moureti sp. n., T. vacquiei sp. n., and T. smidai sp. n. Eight species are assigned to the genus Tricula Benson, 1843: T. valenasi sp. n., T. davisi sp. n., T. spelaea sp. n., T. lenahani sp. n., T. reischuetzorum sp. n., T. phasoungensis sp. n., T. bannaensis sp. n., and T. viengthongensis sp. n.

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