This article describes the technology of biohumus and humic extract production and their microbiological characteristics. We developed technology from cattle manure and winter wheat straw in a biodynamic fermenter to obtain biohumus. The received biohumus and the humic extract recovered therefrom were subjected to microbiological analysis. The largest physiological groups of microorganisms in the biohumus were aminoautotrophic microorganisms and ammonifiers. The influence of humic extraction on soil mycobiota was estimated which showed that 30 days after the processing of soil by humic extraction, the quantity of phytopathogenic micromycetes of genus Fusarium decreased by 3.9 times and of genus Penicillium by 1.2 times. The quantity of micromycetes of genus Aspergillus largely did not change, and the quantity of micromycetes saprophytes of genus Trichoderma increased by 2.0 times. After the humic extract treatment, the ratio of saprophytic and pathogenic groups of microscopic fungus in the soil was more than 10, which ensured their sufficient suppression. Thus, the phytosanitary state of the tested soil sample after treatment with humic extract significantly improved, which made it possible to recommend the use of humic extract for soil treatment not only as an organic fertilizer, but also for the purpose of reducing the content of phytopathogenic microscopic fungus therein.
Keywords: biohumus, humic extract, soil, microorganisms, microscopic fungus, phytosanitary state
Microbiological Characteristics of Biohumus and Humin Extract