Soil response to chemicals used in a field experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jezierska-Tys ◽  
A. Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Soil Response ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The effect of chemicals (Reglone 200 SL and Elastiq 550 EC) on soil microorganisms and their enzymatic activity was estimated. The study was conducted in a field experiment which was set up in the split-block design and comprised three treatments. Soil samples were taken six times, twice in each year of study. The results showed that the application of chemicals generally had no negative effect on the number of soil microorganisms. The application of Reglone 200 SL caused an increase of proteolytic and ureolytic activity and affected the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases in the soil. The soil subjected of Elastiq 550 EC was characterized by lower activity of dehydrogenases, protease, urease and alkaline phosphatase.

scholarly journals The changes of enzymatic activity of soil under eastern galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) after NPKCa fertilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Symanowicz ◽  
S. Kalesa ◽  
W. Skorupka ◽  
M. Niedbała
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Legume Plant ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Galega Orientalis ◽  
Enzymatic Activity Of Soil

Changes in the enzymatic activity of soil variably fertilized with NPKCa were investigated in a field experiment carried out in 2005&ndash;2010. The study was conducted with a legume plant, i.e. eastern galega (Galega orientalis Lam.). The experiment was completely randomized and carried out in three replications with the following mineral fertilization: control, N, P, K, NPK, NP, NK, PK, NPKCa, PKCa, Ca, NKCa, and NPCa. Mineral fertilization was applied in kg/ha: (N-20, P-50, K-160, Ca-150). The soil samples collected from the Ap horizon (0&ndash;30 cm) of the rhizosphere in spring after the 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> swathing had a pH<sub>KCl</sub> in range from 6.55 to 6.93. The activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase was at a low level. The highest activity of urease was recorded in the soil fertilized with NPK, whereas the highest activity of dehydrogenases was in the soil fertilized with PKCa.

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Matter Application on Phosphorus Status in the Calcareous Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Soil Constituents

A field experiment is conducted to study the effect of different levels of peat (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 Mg ha-1 to uncropped and cropped soil to wheat. Soil samples are taken in different period of time (0, 3, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days after cultivation to determine (NaHCO3-Exteractable P at 3 different depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm). Field Experiment is conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Wheat, Al-Rasheed variety, is cultivated as a testing crop. The entire field is equally dived in two divisions. One of the two divisions is cultivated to wheat and the second is left uncropped. The effect of five levels of peat namely 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 Mg ha-1 is investigated. Soils are fully analyzed to determine its physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples are collected after 3, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days for determining essential parameters and indicators that reflect the effect of the level of peat applications. Sodium bicarbonate - extractable P in uncropped and cropped soils at all depths, markedly decreases with time after peat application which has been attributed to plant uptake and rapid reaction of P with soil constituents. Sodium bicarbonate - extractable P with time in soil receiving 50 Mg ha-1 in both uncropped and cropped soil linearly decreases with the time of cultivation

scholarly journals Effect of enzymatic activity of diesel oil contaminated soil on the chemical composition of oat (Avena sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wyszkowski ◽  
J. Wyszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Lower Effect ◽  
High Doses

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soil contamination with diesel oil (3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 g/kg soil) on the yield and the content of macroelements in oat and maize cultivated in soil supplemented with nitrogen and sawdust. The correlation between the content of macroelements in the crops and the soil enzymatic activity was also determined. High doses of diesel oil had a definite negative effect on the content of all macroelements in oat, excluding phosphorus. The presence of diesel oil had a favourable effect on the accumulation of most of macroelements in the above-ground parts of maize. Nitrogen application to the soil caused an increase in the content of nitrogen and in the accumulation of calcium and magnesium in the above-ground parts of both crops as well as an increase in sodium content in maize. Sawdust applied to the soil had a considerably lower effect (several to less than 20%) on the content of macroelements in plants. A correlation between the activity of urease and acid and alkaline phosphatase in the soil and the content of macroelements in plants cultivated in diesel oil contaminated soil was observed. This correlation was positive only in the case of alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphorus content in oats.

scholarly journals Structural Evidence of Functional Divergence in Human Alkaline Phosphatases

2002 ◽  
Vol 277 (51) ◽  
pp. 49808-49814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Le Du ◽  
José Luis Millán
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Active Site Cleft ◽  
Structural Differences

The evolution of the alkaline phosphatase (AP) gene family has lead to the existence in humans of one tissue-nonspecific (TNAP) and three tissue-specific isozymes,i.e.intestinal (IAP), germ cell (GCAP), and placental AP (PLAP). To define the structural differences between these isozymes, we have built models of the TNAP, IAP, and GCAP molecules based on the 1.8-Å structure of PLAP (1) and have performed a comparative structural analysis. We have examined the monomer-monomer interface as this area is crucial for protein stability and enzymatic activity. We found that the interface allows the formation of heterodimers among IAP, GCAP, and PLAP but not between TNAP with any of the three tissue-specific isozymes. Secondly, the active site cleft was mapped into three regions,i.e.the active site itself, the roof of the cleft, and the floor of the cleft. This analysis led to a structural fingerprint of the active site of each AP isozyme that suggests a diversification in substrate specificity for this isozyme family.

scholarly journals Effects of metribuzin on the activity of some enzymes in soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Santric ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Slavica Gasic ◽  
Radmila Stankovic-Kalezic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Set Up

Effects of metribuzin on the activity of some enzymes in soil was investigated. Trials were set up in the laboratory on a clay loam soil. Metribuzin was applied at 12.0, 24.0 and 60.0 mg/kg soil rates and soil samples were collected 3, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days after metribuzin treatment for analyses. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase, urease and ?-glucosidase were recorded. The results showed that the intensity of metribuzin effects on the activity of enzymes depended on treatment rate, exposure time and enzyme group. Metribuzin had an inhibiting effect on acid phosphatese and dehydrogenase, as well as on alkaline phosphatase in the initial stage before it turned into a stimulating one, while metribuzin stimulated urease and had no effect on ?-glucosidase.

scholarly journals Dehydrogenases, urease and phosphatases activities of soil contaminated with fungicides

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jastrzębska ◽  
J. Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Dose Method ◽  
Negative Effect

A greenhouse experiment was performed to determine the effects of the fungicides containing cyprodinil as well as dimoxystrobin and epoxiconazole on the activity of soil enzymes: dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, depending on fungicide dose (0 &minus; control, 1 &minus; recommended dose, 10-fold dose and 100-fold dose), the method of soil management (soil cropped with spring barley cv. Start, and uncropped soil) and the time of fungicide action (14, 28, 42 and 56 days). The experiment was established on Eutric Cambisols with pH<sub>KCl</sub> = 6.7. It was found that the enzymatic activity of the soil was affected primarily by such factors as fungicide dose, method of soil management and time of fungicide action, and to a much lesser degree by the type of fungicide. Fungicide contamination of the soil significantly inhibited the activity of dehydrogenases and urease, and produced a significant negative effect (100-fold dose) on spring barley yield. A higher activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase was recorded in the soil cropped with spring barley cv. Start.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilization on Yield and Quality Traits of Tritordeum, ‘Bulel’ Variety under Dry Conditions in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Antigolena FOLINA ◽  
Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽  
Efpraxia KONTONASAKI ◽  
Stella KARYDOGIANNI ◽  
Dimitrios VOSKOPOULOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
First Results ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Compost Plant ◽  
Set Up

Response of tritordeum, ‘Bulel’ variety, on organic and inorganic fertilization was observed through a field experiment in Greece. So as to evaluate, a field experiment was set up in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) where blocks were four fertilizations (control, inorganic, manure, compost). Plant height was affected by fertilization. Thus height was ranged from 65 cm (control) to 71.75 cm (NPK). Concerning, kernel weight, control and the two organic fertilized did not differ. Both protein and gluten has a positive response to inorganic fertilization, values were 16.27 % and 33.45 % respectively. The increase in gluten is not a desirable trait as tritordeum is cultivated for lower gluten levels than wheat. Yield rised with fertilizers with the highest value of 4753.5 kg ha-1. In brief, as first results, there was a positive response of tritordeum to fertilization in the dry conditions of Greece. As far as ‘Bulel’ variety recently became commercial, consequently a few years to further investigate are needed.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization on the potentially mineralize N forms of soil of long term field experiment was set in an acidic sandy soil

2007 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Péter Tamás Nagy ◽  
János Lazányi ◽  
Jakab Loch ◽  
Ida Kincses ◽  
Andrea Balláné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Biological Interpretation ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable N ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Term Field

The aim of this paper was to provide further information about the nitrogen mineralization processes of soil. A modified incubation technique was applied to establish the amount of easily soluble mineral and organic N forms during the incubation period. An acidic sandy soil was used for incubation, which was sampled from the „Westsik” long-term field experiment. The incubation was carried out on fifteen selected soil samples which were received different treatments since the experiment was set up. From the obtained results, the amount of potentially mineralizable N and the mineralization rate constant were determined. Results of chemical analysis and biological interpretation of results are discussed.

scholarly journals Microbial Activity of a Plinthosol With Application of Thiamethoxam Insecticide and Biochar

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Fernanda Salles Cunha Peres ◽  
Fabiano André Petter ◽  
Daniela Tiago da Silva Campos ◽  
Heiriane Martins Sousa ◽  
Larissa Borges de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Multivariate Statistical

Although thiamethoxam is an insecticide widely used in agriculture, its high mobility and persistence in the soil can result in contamination of groundwater and alteration in biogeochemical cycles. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of biochar, NPK fertilizer and thiamethoxam insecticide on soil microbial properties. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design composed of the doses combination of mineral fertilizer NPK (0 and 300 kg ha-1 of the formulated 05-25-15), and biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 t ha-1) in the absence and presence of thiamethoxam. Deformed soil samples were collected in all plots in the 0 to 0.10 m layer to determine the activity of the enzymes: acid and alkaline phosphatase, beta glucosidase and urease, beyond the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration rate (C-CO2) and metabolic quotient (qCO2). To compare soil microbiology before and after the application of thiamethoxam, multivariate statistical techniques were used. The application of biochar resulted in increased enzymatic activity of urease, acid phosphatase, increase of qCO2 and basal respiration and reduction of MBC. In contrast, the application of the thiamethoxam insecticide suppressed the enzymatic activity of urease, acid phosphatase, resulting, however, in the elevation of alkaline phosphatase and basal respiration of the soil. Biochar application at doses greater than or equal to 16 t ha-1 resulted in elevation of qCO2 and reduction of MBC, regardless of the absence or presence of NPK chemical fertilization. Biochar effect on soil microbiological attributes is less significant than the effect of thiamethoxam application.

scholarly journals The Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on the Activity of Soil Microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Karimi ◽  
Mahnaz Nikaeen ◽  
Maryam Hatamzadeh ◽  
Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi ◽  
Marzieh Farhadkhani
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wastewater Irrigation ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: The use of wastewater for irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions of the world is increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of wastewater on the microbial activity of irrigated soils using the enzymatic activity of soil microorganisms. Materials and Methods: In this study, for soil irrigation, the secondary effluent of the Isfahan municipal wastewater treatment plant was used. As a control, tap water that has no microbial load was also used. Soil samples were collected in two stages, before and immediately after irrigation. All samples were collected in sterile bags, transferred immediately to the laboratory for physicochemical and microbiological tests. Soil samples were analyzed for the amounts of enzymatic activity (Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA) and dehydrogenase), electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and pH. Results: The EC levels before and after irrigation with tap water was 231.2 and 260.63 µs.cm-1, respectively, which was significantly different from levels of wastewater-irrigated soil (P < 0.05).  pH in the two types of used water before and after irrigation was 6-8 and 7-8, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the levels of FDA, dehydrogenase, ORP, and microbial population in samples irrigated with water and wastewaters (p > 0.05). It was found that there is a significant relationship between bacterial density and FDA (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that irrigation with wastewater has no significant effect on the microbial activity of irrigated soil. Because of the short-term wastewater irrigation in the present study, however, further investigation is needed to evaluate the effect of long-term wastewater irrigation on the microbial and physicochemical quality of soil.

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