A well-known technique for metering a multiphase flow is to use small probes that utilize some measurement principle to detect the presence of different phases surrounding their tips. In almost all cases of relevance to the oil industry, the flow around such local probes is inviscid and driven by surface tension, with negligible gravitational effects. In order to study the features of the flow around a local probe when it meets a droplet, we analyse a model problem: the interaction of an infinite, initially straight, interface between two inviscid fluids, advected in an initially uniform flow towards a semi-infinite thin flat plate oriented at 90° to the interface. This has enabled us to gain some insight into the factors that control the motion of a contact line over a solid surface, for a range of physical parameter values.The potential flows in the two fluids are coupled nonlinearly at the interface, where surface tension is balanced by a pressure difference. In addition, a dynamic contact angle boundary condition is imposed at the three-phase contact line, which moves along the plate. In order to determine how the interface deforms in such a flow, we consider the small- and large-time asymptotic limits of the solution. The small-time and linearized large-time problems are solved analytically, using Mellin transforms, whilst the general large-time problem is solved numerically, using a boundary integral method.The form of the dynamic contact angle as a function of contact line velocity is the most important factor in determining how an interface deforms as it meets and moves over the plate. Depending on this, the three-phase contact line may, at one extreme, hang up on the leading edge of the plate or, at the other extreme, move rapidly along the surface of the plate. At large times, the solution asymptotes to an interface configuration where the contact line moves at the far-field velocity.
Dynamic contact angle and three-phase contact line of water drop on copper surface
