Foreign body aspiration in Israeli children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a decline in pediatric emergency department visits. Our aim was to assess the pattern of pediatric foreign body aspiration (FBA) during the first year of the COVID-19, in comparison to the prior years. Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, we compared the number of children that presented with FBA during the COVID-19 year (March 1st, 2020 to February 28, 2021), to the annual average of the years 2016-2019. We also compared the lockdown periods to the post-lockdown periods and the percentage of missed FBA, proven FBA, and flexible bronchoscopy as the removal procedure. Results: 345 children with FBA from six centers were included, 276 in the pre-COVID-19 years (average 69 per year) and 69 in the COVID-19 year. There was no difference in the prevalence of FBA between the COVID-19 year and any of the prior four years. Examining the lockdown effect, the monthly incidence of FBA dropped from a pre-COVID-19 average of 5.75 cases to 5.1 cases during lockdown periods and increased to 6.3 cases in post-lockdown periods. No difference in the percentage of missed FB or proven FB was observed. There was a significant rise in the usage of flexible bronchoscopy as the removal procedure (Average of 15.4% vs 30.4%, p=0.001) Conclusion: There was no difference in the prevalence of FBA during the COVID-19 year. However, there were fewer cases during lockdown periods, compared to post-lockdown periods, presumably related to better parental supervision.

STUDY ON UNDERAGE MARRIAGE IN EMPAT LAWANG REGENCY VIEWED FROM THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 16 OF 2019 IN CONJUNCTION WITH LAW NUMBER 1 OF 1974 ABOUT MARRIAGE

Underage marriage is a marriage bond between a man and a woman, where the age of both or one of them has not reached the limits stipulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2019 in conjunction with Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1974 about Marriage. Underage marriage is one of the legal acts that is not justified by the law of marriage. However, in reality in Empat Lawang Regency it is still practiced, and even the number of underage marriages is still high. The formulation of the problems in this study were: (1) How was the underage marriage in Empat Lawang Regency viewed from the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2019 in conjunction with Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1974 about Marriage? (2) What were the factors causing the high rate of underage marriage in Empat Lawang Regency? (3) How was the impact of underage marriage on the harmony of domestic life? The research method applied in this study was juridical empirical. The results of this study indicated that: (1) Underage marriage in Empat Lawang Regency had been carried out according to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2019 in conjunction with Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, if the prospective husband and wife had not met the requirements as regulated in the Law, then the prospective husband and wife must apply for dispensation to the Religious Court for approval of marriage permits. (2) The factors causing the high rate of underage marriages in Empat Lawang Regency consisted of being pregnant outside of marriage (married by accident), worrying that their child will fall into promiscuity, pressure from parents, lack of economic stability, desire of lasting relationship, family traditions, lack of parental supervision of children, lack of sex education, and parental mindset. (3) The impact of underage marriage on the harmony of household life was the difficulty to form such a harmonious household.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP ADANYA SANGSI ADAT ( Studi Kasus di Desa Pinang Merah Kecamatan Pamenang Barat Kabupaten Merangin Provinsi Jambi )

Customary law is a rule of human behavior in everyday life, always respected and respected because it has legal consequences or sanctions for violations that have been committed. However, the facts in the field show that many customary violations occur every year. The most common violation is kawin lari. The purpose of this research is to find out why the kawin lari customary violation is increasing in Pinang Merah Village and to find out whether the implementation of customary sanctions for kawin lari is in accordance with the customary rules that apply in Pinang Merah Village and to find out how the community's perception of the traditional kawin lari sanction in Pinang Village. Red. This research uses a case study approach with descriptive qualitative research methods. The collection technique uses observation, interview and documentation. The informants in this study amounted to 5 (five) people with the informant selection technique using purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques in this study were data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Techniques for ensuring the validity of data Credibility, Transferability, Dependability and Comfirmability. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the increase in violations of the kawin lari custom was due to the lack of parental supervision and guidance towards children. Children are not well controlled, which results in children engaging in promiscuity. Elopement is one of the consequences of promiscuity. For the implementation of customary sanctions, it was found that the implementation of the traditional kawin lari sanction in Pinang Merah Village has not been implemented properly. Because there are still many violations of the kawin lari custom. Meanwhile, the community's perception of the kawin lari customary sanction is that it is a rule that must be obeyed by the community. sanctions are a hereditary inheritance from their ancient ancestors and are still used today. However, in reality, the customary sanction of kawin lari has not been implemented properly because there is still selective cutting or favoritism between the community. The suggestion in this research is that the community should obey the village customary rules that apply in Pinang Merah Village by paying customary sanctions given by the customary institution as a sign of having done something wrong. Customary institutions in order to provide understanding to the community to follow the customary rules of Pianang Merah Village, in order to reduce violations of customary sanctions.

Factors of mothers' hesitation in discussing reproductive health

Reproductive health is always becoming an issue for adolescence. Lack of knowledge, permissive attitude, easy access to pornography and low parental supervision reported as a determinant of risky sexual behavior in adolescence. This study aimed to investigate mother’s perspectives in discussing reproductive health issues with their children aged 9-11 years old. The respondents were 8.046 mothers who had children aged 9-11 years old in Semarang, taken with a purposive sampling technique. Most mother (84.4%) were in adulthood, graduated from Senior High School (50.8%), unemployment (44%), and 47.2% was in low-middle income family. As much as 26.8% of mothers agreed that it is not necessary to inform their children about reproductive health. Talking about reproductive health is taboo for 41.9% of mothers and 38.5% felt awkward. Most of them (71.7%) encountered difficulties in starting reproductive health discussions with their children and 76.1% used other terms to name the genitals to feel more polite. A mother who perceived that delivering reproductive health information is unnecessary (OR 1.44), taboo (OR 1.82), awkward (OR 1.93), and giving courtship permission (OR 1.28) to their children significantly becoming risk factors in practicing reproductive health education. Health workers should help the mothers improve their communication skills, especially in discussing reproductive health with children aged 9-11 years old.

Application of Educational Game Learning Media for Early Childhood TKQ Al-Banna

Educational game applications are currently being used by students, from kindergarten to college students. Due to the idea of ??educators providing fun learning when learning is done online (on a network) with the Covid-19 virus outbreak, it requires every resident to practice social distancing where to avoid crowds, activities that require many participants and so on. Of course it is not an easy thing when students are "forced" to be technology literate, especially at an early age, namely the kindergarten level and it becomes quite confusing because the majority of parents and teachers do not understand how to use educational games and this is quite complicated in its application coupled with lack of parental supervision when their children play online games and the use of internet quota which is quite consuming because their children often use them to play online games. The purpose of this activity is to introduce teachers to online games that are more educative to students as a means to refresh students' minds when learning to only use books and train students' focus on deepening the material that has been given. The method used is to provide education as well as workshops and direct practice of using this educational game. The results obtained from this program are educandy games are very useful both teachers and students at TKQ Al-Banna have a new activity, namely the teacher can combine learning methods from conventional ones combined with technology that makes learning easier and teachers can deliver material and practice questions no longer monotonous and distract students from online games that are less educational.

KAWIN HAMIL AKIBAT ZINA : Studi terhadap Persepsi Masyarakat Nagari Ranah Pantai Cermin, Solok Selatan

This study purpose to expose the perception of Pantai Cermin public towards the phenomenon of pregnant marriage due to adultery. This is caused by the increasing cases of pregnant marriages in Nagari Ranah Pantai Cermin from 2014 until 2017. The research questions are: What are the factors causing the increase of pregnant marriages due to adultery in Nagari Ranah Pantai Cermin, what are the public's opinions about pregnant marriages due to adultery, and what are the efforts done by the community to prevent pregnant marriages due to adultery. This research is a field research with a socio legal research approach. The collected datas were analyzed using qualitative methods. The research finds are: First, the factors that caused pregnant marriage in Nagari Ranah Pantai Cermin were the lack of parental supervision, promiscuity, weak sanctions, and misuse of technology. Second, The Public of Nagari Ranah Pantai Cermin assumpt that pregnant marriage is a very shameful act and in principle is not accepted by the public. However, the Society must accept it by perforce because they do not have the legitimate to punish the perpetrators. Eventually, the case of pregnant marriage became familiar to the public. Third, the efforts were done by the community to prevent pregnant marriages are increasing parental attention, obeying with regulations made by the local Society, carrying out sanctions that have been agreed upon by the religious leaders and ninik mamak, holding juvenile bonds, and sharing knowledge about the consequences of adultery.

Penanganan Diversi Anak sebagai Tersangka dalam Tindak Pidana Pencurian Kenderaan Bermotor pada Polres Sibolga

The research objective is to analyze the rule of law in the application of diversion to children; the factors causing the criminal act of theft of motorized vehicles by children and the diversion policy against child suspects in the crime of theft of motorized vehicles at the Sibolga Resort Police. The research method used is descriptive method, while the data analysis technique uses descriptive qualitative. The results of the study indicate that the rule of law in the application of diversion to children who commit criminal acts is regulated in Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, namely in articles 6 – 15 and Law no. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, namely article 1 number (2). Factors causing the theft are internal factors, namely economic factors where children come from families of weak economic groups, lack of parental supervision because they are busy at work, lack of legal awareness by children because they are still not mature in thinking, narcotics needs because they are wrong in the association of friends, external factors are the opportunity to commit theft, the influence of the environment where children are connected to criminal groups or motorcycle gangs, the influence of adults who try to take advantage of children to commit theft of motorized vehicles, and the number of collectors of stolen motorized vehicles. The diversion policy against child suspects in the crime of motor vehicle theft at the Sibolga Resort Police is carried out by means of formal and non-formal policies.

Peran Korps Brimob Polri Dalam Penanggulangan Pelanggaran Hukum oleh Geng Motor di Mako Brimob Polda Sumatera Utara

This paper aims to examine the rule of law regarding law violations by motorcycle gangs, to examine the role of the Brimob Police Corps and the obstacles faced in overcoming law violations by motorcycle gangs. The problem is focused on how the law rules regarding law violations by motorcycle gangs, what is the role of the Brimob Police Corps and the obstacles faced in overcoming law violations by motorcycle gangs. To approach this problem, Soerjono Soekanto's role theory is used. The data were collected through interview guidelines and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that the criminal act of violating the law by motorcycle gangs is contrary to Article 170 regarding crimes against public order, Article 351, Article 352, Article 368 regarding persecution and Article 510 and Article 511 regarding violations of public order in the Criminal Code, contrary to Article 106 and Article 115 in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. The role of the Brimob Police Corps in overcoming violations of the law by motorcycle gangs can be seen by using Soerjono Soekanto's theory based on aspects of role as a norm, role as an individual/norm, and role in the social structure of society. The constraint factors faced by Brimob are that the perpetrators of violations are minors, the lack of parental supervision of their children and the actions of motorcycle gangs usually involve a large number of people.

Cultural Globalization and Mate Selection Spaces: A Case Study of Girls Under the Protection of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Tehran

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cultural globalization in mate selection spaces. Methods: The research method was descriptive using survey and the participants included 1197 married girls under the auspices of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Tehran from 2016 to 2017, which were included by census, online and through the social network. The research tools included the Mirzaei (1400) Questionnaire on Cultural Globalization, and Mate Spaces. Research data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 using, and Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression was utilized. Findings: The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between different components of cultural globalization (media consumption, music consumption, clothing consumption, and individualism) and age with mate selection spaces (p<01.0). Stepwise regression analysis also showed that cultural globalization was a strong predictor for predicting mate selection spaces (R2=56%). Conclusion: According to the present results, cultural globalization causes a change in the mate selection spaces and the actors' relations with space, and leads the act of marriage selection to marriages without intervention or with passive intervention of families and in spaces of control. Therefore, in addition to the possibility of choosing a spouse by young people, this process should be done in an environment with parental supervision and the possibility of evaluating and recognizing people in different dimensions.

Associations between gaming disorder, parent-child relationship, parental supervision, and discipline styles: Findings from a school-based survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

Background and aims Vietnam implemented numerous measures to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 among school students, including study-at-home/self-quarantine. During the study-at-home period, adolescents may engage in more video gaming than usual, potentially contributing to gaming disorder. However, the regionally-representative prevalence of gaming disorder and its association with parenting practice and discipline practice have not been described. We assessed the prevalence of gaming disorder among Vietnamese adolescents during the initial 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associations between gaming disorder and parenting practice and discipline practice. Methods We conducted a school-based, self-administered cross-sectional survey of 2,084 students in Hanoi, Vietnam (response rate = 97.1%). The survey included standardized instruments translated from English to Vietnamese. We performed multilevel logistic regressions to assess the associations between parenting practice, discipline practice, and gaming disorder. Results The prevalence of gaming disorder among the respondents was 11.6%. Healthy parent-child relationship was protective against gaming disorder (Adj OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.21, 0.62). Non-supervision, non-discipline, violent discipline were positively associated with gaming disorder. Discussion and Conclusions We found associations between gaming disorder and parent-child relationship, parental supervision, and parental discipline. Future interventional studies should consider assessing the effect of fostering healthy parent-child relationships and appropriate discipline on the occurrence or prognosis of gaming disorders.