Limited Impact of Drug Exposure Misclassification From Non-Benefit Thiazolidinedione Drug Use on Mortality and Hospitalizations From Saskatchewan, Canada: A Cohort Study

Abstract Background Why some persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) progress quickly and others remain “healthy” for a decade or more without treatment remains a fundamental question of HIV pathology. We aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics of HIV long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) based on a cohort of PLWH in China observed between 1989 and 2016. Methods We conducted a nationwide, retrospective cohort study among Chinese PLWH with HIV diagnosed before 1 January 2008. Records were extracted from China’s national HIV/AIDS database on 30 June 2016. LTNPs were defined as those with AIDS-free, antiretroviral therapy–naive survival, with CD4 cell counts consistently ≥500/μL for ≥8 years after diagnosis. Prevalence was calculated, characteristics were described, and determinants were assessed by means of logistic regression. Potential sources of bias were also investigated. Results Our cohort included 89 201 participants, of whom 1749 (2.0%) were categorized as LTNPs. The injection drug use (IDU) route of infection was reported by 70.7% of LTNPs, compared with only 37.1% of non-LTNPs. The odds of LTNP status were greater among those infected via IDU (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.28 [1.94–2.68]) and with HIV diagnosed in settings with large populations of persons who inject drugs (1.75 [1.51–2.02] for detention centers, 1.61 [1.39–1.87] for Yunnan, 1.94 [1.62–2.31] for Guangdong, and 2.90 [2.09–4.02] for Xinjiang). Conclusions Overrepresentation of the IDU route of infection among LTNPs is a surprising finding worthy of further study, and this newly defined cohort may be particularly well suited to exploration of the molecular biological mechanisms underlying HIV long-term nonprogression.

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The Prison and Transition Health (PATH) Cohort Study: Study Protocol and Baseline Characteristics of a Cohort of Men with a History of Injecting Drug Use Leaving Prison in Australia

Journal of Urban Health ◽

10.1007/s11524-019-00353-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 400-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amy Kirwan ◽

Michael Curtis ◽

Paul Dietze ◽

Campbell Aitken ◽

Emma Woods ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Drug Use ◽

Study Protocol ◽

Injecting Drug Use ◽

History Of ◽

Baseline Characteristics

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Examination of the Influence of Cognitive Behavior Therapy Components, Consumer Satisfaction and Engagement in Mothers Referred for Drug Abuse and Child Neglect on Treatment Outcomes

Behavior Modification ◽

10.1177/0145445520935394 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 014544552093539

Author(s):

Christopher P. Plant ◽

Bradley Donohue ◽

Andrew J. Freeman ◽

Daniel N. Allen

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Drug Use ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Behavior Therapy ◽

Child Neglect ◽

Drug Exposure ◽

Skills Training ◽

In Utero ◽

Repeated Measure

Psychological interventions for child maltreatment have predominately been limited to family-supported, multi-component behavioral therapies. Although these comprehensive programs have resulted in positive outcomes, they are relatively costly and there is limited information available as to how the components of these programs influence treatment outcomes. In this study, the CBT components of an evidence-based treatment for child neglect and drug abuse (Family Behavior Therapy) were examined in regards to consumer preferences, consumer engagement and treatment outcomes. Thirty-five mothers identified for child neglect and drug abuse were administered various CBT components successively and cumulatively based on their preferences. Repeated measure ANOVAs indicated that participants chose to receive components that were specific to managing antecedents to drug abuse and child neglect most frequently, followed by parenting skills training, communication skills training, and job/financial skills training. No differences were found in treatment providers’ ratings of the participants’ engagement across intervention components throughout treatment. Participants rated the intervention components as similarly helpful. Partial correlations revealed that participants’ ratings of helpfulness and provider ratings of participants’ engagement were not associated with improved drug use outcomes at 6- and 10-months post baseline. Participants’ ratings of helpfulness were associated with child maltreatment outcomes at 10-month post baseline, and provider ratings of participants’ engagement were associated with child maltreatment outcomes at both 6- and 10-month post baseline. Participants identified for neglect not related to drug exposure in utero improved at a higher percentage than did participants identified for in utero drug exposure, and receiving behavioral intervention components more frequently led to greater percentages of participants improving in both drug use and child maltreatment outcomes.

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