Dynapenic obesity as an associated factor to lipid and glucose metabolism disorders and metabolic syndrome in older adults – Findings from SABE Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1360-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago da Silva Alexandre ◽  
Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre ◽  
Lívia Pinheiro Carvalho ◽  
Roberta de Oliveira Máximo ◽  
Ligiana Pires Corona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Associated Factor ◽  
Sabe Study

Gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with glucose metabolism disorders and the metabolic syndrome in older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lippert ◽  
L. Kedenko ◽  
L. Antonielli ◽  
I. Kedenko ◽  
C. Gemeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Obesity and associated metabolic disorders have become highly prevalent diseases worldwide, and the human gut microbiota, due to its influence on host energy metabolism, has been attributed an important role therein. This pilot study explores host-microbiota relationships in men and women affected by various types of glucose metabolism disorder. Among 20 individuals aged 58 to 71 years with either normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes mellitus the gut bacterial communities were compared based on barcoded 454 sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from stool samples. We found that specific microbiota groups were relatively enriched or reduced in different metabolic states. Further, positive or negative associations with clinical manifestations of metabolic disease suggest that these organisms indicate and possibly contribute to metabolic impairment or health. For instance, a higher prevalence of Erysipelotrichaceae and Lachnospiraceae was found associated with metabolic disorders, and the Holdemania and Blautia genera correlated with clinical indicators of an impaired lipid and glucose metabolism. The Bacteroidetes and groups therein, by contrast, displayed inverse relationships with metabolic disease parameters and were found relatively enriched in participants not diagnosed with metabolic syndrome or obesity. Further, the prevalence of specific Clostridia and Rikenellaceae members also pointed towards a healthier metabolic state. Links with diet as an intermediate factor included positive and negative associations of Lachnospiraceae with relative consumption rates of fat and carbohydrates, respectively, and positive associations of Turicibacteraceae with the consumption of protein. Identifying critical roles of major gut microbiota components in metabolic disorders has important translational implications regarding the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases by means of preventing or reversing dysbiosis and by controlling exacerbating diet and life style factors particularly in sensitive population groups.

scholarly journals Severe malnutrition or famine exposure in childhood and cardiometabolic non-communicable disease later in life: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e003161
Author(s):  
Kelsey Grey ◽  
Gerard Bryan Gonzales ◽  
Mubarek Abera ◽  
Natasha Lelijveld ◽  
Debbie Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Famine Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Malnutrition

IntroductionChild malnutrition (undernutrition) and adult non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are major global public health problems. While convincing evidence links prenatal malnutrition with increased risk of NCDs, less is known about the long-term sequelae of malnutrition in childhood. We therefore examined evidence of associations between postnatal malnutrition, encompassing documented severe childhood malnutrition in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) or famine exposure, and later-life cardiometabolic NCDs.MethodsOur peer-reviewed search strategy focused on ‘severe childhood malnutrition’, ‘LMICs’, ‘famine’, and ‘cardiometabolic NCDs’ to identify studies in Medline, Embase, Global Health, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. We synthesised results narratively and assessed study quality with the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence checklist.ResultsWe identified 57 studies of cardiometabolic NCD outcomes in survivors of documented severe childhood malnutrition in LMICs (n=14) and historical famines (n=43). Exposure to severe malnutrition or famine in childhood was consistently associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (7/8 studies), hypertension (8/11), impaired glucose metabolism (15/24) and metabolic syndrome (6/6) in later life. Evidence for effects on lipid metabolism (6/11 null, 5/11 mixed findings), obesity (3/13 null, 5/13 increased risk, 5/13 decreased risk) and other outcomes was less consistent. Sex-specific differences were observed in some cohorts, with women consistently at higher risk of glucose metabolism disorders and metabolic syndrome.ConclusionSevere malnutrition or famine during childhood is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic NCDs, suggesting that developmental plasticity extends beyond prenatal life. Severe malnutrition in childhood thus has serious implications not only for acute morbidity and mortality but also for survivors’ long-term health. Heterogeneity across studies, confounding by prenatal malnutrition, and age effects in famine studies preclude firm conclusions on causality. Research to improve understanding of mechanisms linking postnatal malnutrition and NCDs is needed to inform policy and programming to improve the lifelong health of severe malnutrition survivors.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Power of Circulatory Metabolic Biomarkers as Metabolic Syndrome Risk Predictors in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Northwest of England (A Feasibility Study)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Razieh Hassannejad ◽  
Hamsa Sharrouf ◽  
Fahimeh Haghighatdoost ◽  
Ben Kirk ◽  
Farzad Amirabdollahian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Diagnostic Power ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases with pathophysiology strongly linked to aging. A range of circulatory metabolic biomarkers such as inflammatory adipokines have been associated with MetS; however, the diagnostic power of these markers as MetS risk correlates in elderly has yet to be elucidated. This cross-sectional study investigated the diagnostic power of circulatory metabolic biomarkers as MetS risk correlates in older adults. Methods: Hundred community dwelling older adults (mean age: 68.7 years) were recruited in a study, where their blood pressure, body composition and Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) were measured; and their fasting capillary and venous blood were collected. The components of the MetS; and the serum concentrations of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-I (PAI-I), Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Cystatin-C, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), insulin and ferritin were measured within the laboratory, and the HOMA1-IR and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) were calculated. Results: Apart from other markers which were related with some cardiometabolic (CM) risk, after Bonferroni correction insulin had significant association with all components of Mets and AIP. These associations also remained significant in multivariate regression. The multivariate odds ratio (OR with 95% confidence interval (CI)) showed a statistically significant association between IL-6 (OR: 1.32 (1.06–1.64)), TNF-α (OR: 1.37 (1.02–1.84)), Resistin (OR: 1.27 (1.04–1.54)) and CRP (OR: 1.29 (1.09–1.54)) with MetS risk; however, these associations were not found when the model was adjusted for age, dietary intake and adiposity. In unadjusted models, insulin was consistently statistically associated with at least two CM risk factors (OR: 1.33 (1.16–1.53)) and MetS risk (OR: 1.24 (1.12–1.37)) and in adjusted models it was found to be associated with at least two CM risk factors and MetS risk (OR: 1.87 (1.24–2.83) and OR: 1.25 (1.09–1.43)) respectively. Area under curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristics (ROC) demonstrated a good discriminatory diagnostics power of insulin with AUC: 0.775 (0.683–0.866) and 0.785 by cross validation and bootstrapping samples for at least two CM risk factors and AUC: 0.773 (0.653–0.893) and 0.783 by cross validation and bootstrapping samples for MetS risk. This was superior to all other AUC reported from the ROC analysis of other biomarkers. Area under precision-recall curve for insulin was also superior to all other markers (0.839 and 0.586 for at least two CM risk factors and MetS, respectively). Conclusion: Fasting serum insulin concentration was statistically linked with MetS and its risk, and this link is stronger than all other biomarkers. Our ROC analysis confirmed the discriminatory diagnostic power of insulin as CM and MetS risk correlate in older adults.

Impact of Glucose Metabolism Disorders on IGF-1 Levels in Patients with Acromegaly

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (05) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sema Dogansen ◽  
Gulsah Yalin ◽  
Seher Tanrikulu ◽  
Sema Yarman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the presence of glucose metabolism abnormalities and their impact on IGF-1 levels in patients with acromegaly. Ninety-three patients with acromegaly (n=93; 52 males/41 females) were included in this study. Patients were separated into three groups such as; normal glucose tolerance (n=23, 25%), prediabetes (n=38, 41%), and diabetes mellitus (n=32, 34%). Insulin resistance was calculated with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). HOMA-IR > 2.5 or ≤2.5 were defined as insulin resistant or noninsulin resistant groups, respectively. Groups were compared in terms of factors that may be associated with glucose metabolism abnormalities. IGF-1% ULN (upper limit of normal)/GH ratios were used to evaluate the impact of glucose metabolism abnormalities on IGF-1 levels. Patients with diabetes mellitus were significantly older with an increased frequency of hypertension (p<0.001, p=0.01, respectively). IGF-1% ULN/GH ratio was significantly lower in prediabetes group than in normal glucose tolerance group (p=0.04). Similarly IGF-1% ULN/GH ratio was significantly lower in insulin resistant group than in noninsulin resistant group (p=0.04). Baseline and suppressed GH levels were significantly higher in insulin resistant group than in noninsulin resistant group (p=0.024, p<0.001, respectively). IGF-1% ULN/GH ratio is a useful marker indicating glucose metabolism disorders and IGF-1 levels might be inappropriately lower in acromegalic patients with insulin resistance or prediabetes. We suggest that IGF-1 levels should be re-evaluated after the improvement of insulin resistance or glycemic regulation for the successful management of patients with acromegaly.

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