Association of folate intake with cardiovascular-disease mortality and all-cause mortality among people at high risk of cardiovascular-disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Xu ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Wenbo Jiang ◽  
Qingrao Song ◽  
Yunyan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality

scholarly journals Association of Major Dietary Protein Sources With All‐Cause and Cause‐Specific Mortality: Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangbo Sun ◽  
Buyun Liu ◽  
Linda G. Snetselaar ◽  
Robert B. Wallace ◽  
Aladdin H. Shadyab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Processed Red Meat

Background Dietary recommendations regarding protein intake have been focused on the amount of protein. However, such recommendations without considering specific protein sources may be simplistic and insufficient. Methods and Results We included 102 521 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative between 1993 and 1998, and followed them through February 2017. During 1 876 205 person‐years of follow‐up, 25 976 deaths occurred. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintile, plant protein intake was inversely associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91 [0.86, 0.96]), cardiovascular disease mortality (HR, 0.88 [0.79, 0.97]), and dementia mortality (HR, 0.79 [0.67, 0.94]). Among major protein sources, comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of consumption, processed red meat (HR, 1.06 [1.01, 1.10]) or eggs (HR, 1.14 [1.10, 1.19]) was associated with higher risk of all‐cause mortality. Unprocessed red meat (HR, 1.12 [1.02, 1.23]), eggs (HR, 1.24 [1.14, 1.34]), or dairy products (HR, 1.11 [1.02, 1.22]) was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease mortality. Egg consumption was associated with higher risk of cancer mortality (HR, 1.10 [1.02, 1.19]). Processed red meat consumption was associated with higher risk of dementia mortality (HR, 1.20 [1.05, 1.32]), while consumption of poultry (HR, 0.85 [0.75, 0.97]) or eggs (HR, 0.86 [0.75, 0.98]) was associated with lower risk of dementia mortality. In substitution analysis, substituting of animal protein with plant protein was associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and dementia mortality, and substitution of total red meat, eggs, or dairy products with nuts was associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality. Conclusions Different dietary protein sources have varying associations with all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and dementia mortality. Our findings support the need for consideration of protein sources in future dietary guidelines.

scholarly journals Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on survival in men with low socioeconomic status

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748731990105
Author(s):  
Sae Young Jae ◽  
Sudhir Kurl ◽  
Kanokwan Bunsawat ◽  
Barry A Franklin ◽  
Jina Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Mortality Hazard ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Mortality Hazard Ratio

Aims Although both low socioeconomic status (SES) and poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with increased chronic disease and heightened mortality, it remains unclear whether moderate-to-high levels of CRF are associated with survival benefits in low SES populations. This study evaluated the hypothesis that SES and CRF predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality and that moderate-to-high levels of CRF may attenuate the association between low SES and increased mortality. Methods This study included 2368 men, who were followed in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Study cohort. CRF was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake during progressive exercise testing. SES was characterized using self-reported questionnaires. Results During a 25-year median follow-up, 1116 all-cause mortality and 512 cardiovascular disease mortality events occurred. After adjusting for potential confounders, men with low SES were at increased risks for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.30–1.71) and cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio1.38, 1.13–1.69). Higher levels of CRF were associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.54, 0.45–0.64) and cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio 0.53, 0.40–0.69). In joint associations of SES and CRF with mortality, low SES-unfit had significantly higher risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.15, 1.78–2.59) and cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio 1.95, 1.48-2.57), but low SES-fit was not associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio 1.09, 0.80-1.48) as compared with their high SES-fit counterparts. Conclusion Both SES and CRF were independently associated with subsequent mortality; however, moderate-to-high levels of CRF were not associated with an excess risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in men with low SES.

It is never too late to start: adherence to physical activity recommendations for 11–22 years and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. The HUNT Study

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-102350
Author(s):  
Trine Moholdt ◽  
Eivind Schjelderup Skarpsno ◽  
Børge Moe ◽  
Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

ObjectivesTo examine associations between long-term (11–22 years) adherence to physical activity recommendations and mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease.DesignProspective population-based study with repeated assessments of self-reported physical activity (1984–86, 1995–97 and 2006–08) and follow-up until the end of 2013.SettingCounty of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway.ParticipantsMen and women aged ≥20 years; 32 811 who participated in 1984–86 and 1995–97; 22 058 in 1984–86 and 2006–08; 31 948 in 1995–97 and 2006–09 and 19 349 in all three examinations (1984–1986, 1995–95 and 2006–08).Main outcome measuresAll-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality from the national Cause of Death Registry.ResultsCompared with the reference category comprising individuals who adhered to the physical activity recommendations (≥150 min of moderate intensity or ≥60 min of vigorous intensity physical activity per week) over time, individuals who remained inactive (reporting no or very little physical activity) from 1984–86 to 1995–97 had HRs (95% CI) of 1.56 (1.40 to 1.73) for all-cause mortality and 1.94 (1.62 to 2.32) for cardiovascular disease mortality. Individuals who were inactive in 1984–86 and then adhered to recommendations in 2006–08 had HRs of 1.07 (0.85 to 1.35) for all-cause mortality and 1.31 (0.87 to 1.98) for cardiovascular disease mortality. In a subsample of individuals who participated at all three time points, those who were inactive or physically active below the recommended level across three decades (1984–86, 1995–97 and 2006–2008) had an HR of 1.57 (1.22 to 2.03) for all-cause mortality and 1.72 (1.08 to 2.73) for cardiovascular disease mortality.ConclusionIndividuals who remained, or became, physically inactive had substantially greater risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality compared with those who met the physical activity recommendations throughout the lifespan.

Coronary heart disease mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and all-cause mortality attributable to dietary intake over 20years in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende ◽  
Catarina Machado Azeredo ◽  
Daniela Silva Canella ◽  
Olinda do Carmo Luiz ◽  
Renata Bertazzi Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease Mortality ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality
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