Effectiveness of the random sequential absorption algorithm in the analysis of volume elements with nanoplatelets

We have previously shown that chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells and human bladder carcinoma (EJ) cells contain multiple isoforms of tropomyosin, identified as a, b, 1, 2, and 3 in CEF cells and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in human EJ cells by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE (Lin, J. J.-C., D. M. Helfman, S. H. Hughes, and C.-S. Chou. 1985. J. Cell Biol. 100: 692-703; and Lin, J. J.-C., S. Yamashiro-Matsumura, and F. Matsumura. 1984. Cancer Cells 1:57-65). Both isoform 3 (TM-3) of CEF and isoforms 4,5 (TM-4,-5) of human EJ cells are the minor isoforms found respectively in normal chicken and human cells. They have a lower apparent molecular mass and show a weaker affinity to actin filaments when compared to the higher molecular mass isoforms. Using individual tropomyosin isoforms immobilized on nitrocellulose papers and sequential absorption of polyclonal antiserum on these papers, we have prepared antibodies specific to CEF TM-3 and to CEF TM-1,-2. In addition, two of our antitropomyosin mAbs, CG beta 6 and CG3, have now been demonstrated by Western blots, immunoprecipitation, and two-dimensional gel analysis to have specificities to human EJ TM-3 and TM-5, respectively. By using these isoform-specific reagents, we are able to compare the intracellular localizations of the lower and higher molecular mass isoforms in both CEF and human EJ cells. We have found that both lower and higher molecular mass isoforms of tropomyosin are localized along stress fibers of cells, as one would expect. However, the lower molecular mass isoforms are also distributed in regions near ruffling membranes. Further evidence for this different localization of different tropomyosin isoforms comes from double-label immunofluorescence microscopy on the same CEF cells with affinity-purified antibody against TM-3, and monoclonal CG beta 6 antibody against TM-a, -b, -1, and -2 of CEF tropomyosin. The presence of the lower molecular mass isoform of tropomyosin in ruffling membranes may indicate a novel way for the nonmuscle cell to control the stability and organization of microfilaments, and to regulate the cell motility.

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Exposure to lipophilic chemicals as a cause of neurological impairments, neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.2478/intox-2013-0018 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Harold I. Zeliger

Keyword(s):

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Environmental Chemicals ◽

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Sensory Impairments ◽

Sequential Absorption ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

ABSTRACT Many studies have associated environmental exposure to chemicals with neurological impairments (NIs) including neuropathies, cognitive, motor and sensory impairments; neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); neurodegenerative diseases (NDGs) including Alzheimer´s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The environmental chemicals shown to induce all these diseases include persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the plastic exudates bisphenol A and phthalates, low molecular weight hydrocarbons (LMWHCs) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is reported here that though these chemicals differ widely in their chemical properties, reactivities and known points of attack in humans, a common link does exist between them. All are lipophilic species found in serum and they promote the sequential absorption of otherwise non-absorbed toxic hydrophilic species causing these diseases.

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Simulation and Modelling the Heterogeneous Effects of the Microstructure MOX Fuels on their Effective Properties in Nominal Pressure Water Reactor Conditions

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.73.91 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 91-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rodrigue Largenton ◽

Victor Blanc ◽

Philippe Thevenin ◽

Daniel Baron

Keyword(s):

Effective Properties ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Numerical Representation ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Heterogeneous Microstructure ◽

Heterogeneous Effects ◽

Nominal Pressure ◽

Sequential Absorption ◽

The Moment

The experimental Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) characterizations on the MOX fuels evidence a heterogeneous microstructure, containing several phases. This heterogeneity must be accounted for in the numerical simulation. The first phase of this work, presented here, concerns exclusively the numerical representation of the MOX microstructure in three dimensions. Three identified steps were realized. The first one consisted in the acquisition and the treatment of two-dimensional experimental pictures thanks to a soft-ware already developed [1]. From the made treatments, the following bi-dimensional data were acquired: the surface fraction of every phase, the various diameters of inclusions within a phase as well as their surfaces fractions. However, within the framework of our study, we wished to represent our heterogeneous microstructure in three dimensions. Except, the data, supplied by this soft-ware, were bi-dimensional. Therefore, the second step of our works deal with the stereological domain. The model of Saltykov [2] was used to go back up the two-dimensional statistical information in three-dimensional. Finally, the last step of our works was to develop a tool able to build a meshed periodic numerical representation of the MOX microstructure. This innovative tool, based on a Random Sequential Absorption technique, represents MOX fuels already irradiated in reactor or any heterogeneous fuels envisaged in the future as well. For example it models two or three phases MOX fuel or any multi-phases fuels as well. Moreover, the sizes of the inclusions can vary within each phase. At the moment, the tool models spherical inclusions but nothing prevents from evolving towards more complex morphologies.

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Co-morditities of environmental diseases: A common cause

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.2478/intox-2014-0016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 117-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Harold I. Zeliger

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Chronically Ill ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Common Cause ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Environmental Disease ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Sequential Absorption ◽

The Individual

ABSTRACT The global pandemic of non-vector borne environmental diseases may, in large part, be attributed to chronic exposures to ever increasing levels of exogenous lipophilic chemicals. These chemicals include persistent organic pollutants, semi-volatile compounds and low molecular weight hydrocarbons. Such chemicals facilitate the sequential absorption of otherwise not absorbed more toxic hydrophilic species that attack numerous body organs and systems, leading to environmental disease. Co-morbidities of noncommunicable environmental diseases are alarmingly high, with as many as half of all individuals chronically ill with two or more diseases. Co-morbidity is to be anticipated, since all of the causative chemicals identified have independently been shown to trigger the individual diseases.

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