The relations between cognitive and motivational components of anosognosia for left-sided hemiplegia and the right hemisphere dominance for emotions: A historical survey

We have previously shown that motor areas are engaged when subjects experience illusory limb movements elicited by tendon vibration. However, traditionally cytoarchitectonic area 2 is held responsible for kinesthesia. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging and cytoarchitectural mapping to examine whether area 2 is engaged in kinesthesia, whether it is engaged bilaterally because area 2 in non-human primates has strong callosal connections, which other areas are active members of the network for kinesthesia, and if there is a dominance for the right hemisphere in kinesthesia as has been suggested. Ten right-handed blindfolded healthy subjects participated. The tendon of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscles of the right or left hand was vibrated at 80 Hz, which elicited illusory palmar flexion in an immobile hand (illusion). As control we applied identical stimuli to the skin over the processus styloideus ulnae, which did not elicit any illusions (vibration). We found robust activations in cortical motor areas [areas 4a, 4p, 6; dorsal premotor cortex (PMD) and bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA)] and ipsilateral cerebellum during kinesthetic illusions (illusion-vibration). The illusions also activated contralateral area 2 and right area 2 was active in common irrespective of illusions of right or left hand. Right areas 44, 45, anterior part of intraparietal region (IP1) and caudo-lateral part of parietal opercular region (OP1), cortex rostral to PMD, anterior insula and superior temporal gyrus were also activated in common during illusions of right or left hand. These right-sided areas were significantly more activated than the corresponding areas in the left hemisphere. The present data, together with our previous results, suggest that human kinesthesia is associated with a network of active brain areas that consists of motor areas, cerebellum, and the right fronto-parietal areas including high-order somatosensory areas. Furthermore, our results provide evidence for a right hemisphere dominance for perception of limb movement.

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Effects of unpleasant odors on emotion recognition: The right hemisphere and valence-specific hypotheses

Psihologija ◽

10.2298/psi190704019s ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 183-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Milos Stankovic ◽

Milkica Nesic ◽

Jana Milic

Keyword(s):

Emotion Recognition ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Right Visual Field ◽

Left Nostril ◽

Short Term ◽

Basic Emotions ◽

Unpleasant Odor ◽

Hemisphere Dominance ◽

The Right

The right hemisphere has traditionally been considered as dominant in odor and emotion perception, whereas little is known about odor influence on emotion recognition. This study aimed to examine a possible difference in the recognition of basic emotions presented to the left or the right visual field following short-term left or right nostril treatment with an unpleasant odor. A total of 60 right-handed female participants completed an emotion recognition task in conditions of the right and left nostril treatment with an unpleasant odor (isovaleric acid). Results showed the right hemisphere advantage in speed, but not in the accuracy of basic emotion recognition after the right nostril treatment with an unpleasant odor, while the left nostril treatment had no effect. The right hemisphere and valence-specific hypotheses in emotion recognition were not confirmed, whereas the model of the right hemisphere dominance in odor perception was confirmed.

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Lateralization of Language

The Oxford Handbook of Neurolinguistics ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190672027.013.34 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 876-906

Author(s):

Lise Van der Haegen ◽

Qing Cai

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Speech Processing ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Hemispheric Specialization ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Language Impaired ◽

Language Functions ◽

Hemisphere Dominance ◽

The Right

It is intriguing that the two brain halves of the human brain look so similar, but are in fact quite different at the anatomical level, and even more so at the functional level. In particular, the highly frequent co-occurrence of right-handedness and left hemisphere dominance of language has led to an abundance of laterality research. This chapter discusses the most important recent finding on laterality (i.e., left or right hemisphere) and degree of hemispheric specialization for speech production, auditory speech processing, and reading. Following a descriptive overview of these three core sub-processes of language, the chapter summarizes possible influences on the lateralization of each, including anatomical, evolutionary, genetic, developmental, and experiential factors, as well as handedness and impairment. It will become clear that language is a heterogeneous cognitive function driven by a variety of underpinning origins. Next, the often-underestimated role of the right hemisphere for language is discussed with respect to prosody and metaphor comprehension, as well as individual differences in the lateralization of healthy and language-impaired brains. Finally, recent insights into the relationship between lateralized language and non-language functions are discussed, highlighting the unique contribution of lateralization research to the growing knowledge of general human brain mechanisms.

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The Role of Binocular Vision in Driving Pseudoneglect in Visual and Haptic Bisection: Evidence From Strabismic and Monocular Blind Individuals

Multisensory Research ◽

10.1163/22134808-20191347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4-5) ◽

pp. 549-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrea Ciricugno ◽

Luca Rinaldi ◽

Tomaso Vecchi ◽

Lotfi B. Merabet ◽

Zaira Cattaneo

Keyword(s):

Spatial Attention ◽

Binocular Vision ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Line Bisection ◽

Haptic Modality ◽

Hemisphere Dominance ◽

The Right ◽

Blind Individuals ◽

Line Bisection Task

Abstract Prior studies have shown that strabismic amblyopes do not exhibit pseudoneglect in visual line bisection, suggesting that the right-hemisphere dominance in the control of spatial attention may depend on a normally developing binocular vision. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether an abnormal binocular childhood experience also affects spatial attention in the haptic modality, thus reflecting a supramodal effect. To this aim, we compared the performance of normally sighted, strabismic and early monocular blind participants in a visual and a haptic line bisection task. In visual line bisection, strabismic individuals tended to err to the right of the veridical midpoint, in contrast with normally sighted participants who showed pseudoneglect. Monocular blind participants exhibited high variability in their visual performance, with a tendency to bisect toward the direction of the functioning eye. In turn, in haptic bisection, all participants consistently erred towards the left of the veridical midpoint. Taken together, our findings support the view that pseudoneglect in the visual and haptic modality relies on different functional and neural mechanisms.

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Functional Hemispheric Asymmetry and Belief in ESP: Towards a “Neuropsychology of Belief”

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1993.77.3f.1299 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 77 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1299-1308 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Peter Brugger ◽

Alex Gamma ◽

René Muri ◽

Markus Schafer ◽

Kirsten I. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Lexical Decision ◽

Left Hemisphere ◽

Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Right Visual Field ◽

Decision Task ◽

Verbal Tasks ◽

Hemisphere Dominance ◽

The Right

30 right-handed subjects were given a lateralized tachistoscopic lexical-decision task. Subjects' belief in extrasensory perception (ESP) was assessed with a single six-point scale; 16 subjects were designated as believers in ESP and 14 subjects as nonbelievers. Believers in ESP did not exhibit a hemispheric asymmetry for the task while nonbelievers exhibited the expected right visual-field/left-hemisphere dominance documented in the literature. Believers' lack of asymmetry was not caused by an impaired left-hemisphere performance but rather by a significantly enhanced lexical-decision accuracy in the left visual field/right hemisphere compared to nonbelievers. These results are compatible with previous studies indicating a correlation between belief in ESP and a bias for right-hemisphere processing. Moreover, the results are relevant for a discussion of an association between paranormal beliefs and schizotypy: highly schizotypal individuals are not only particularly prone to believe in ESP but are also known to show an attenuation of hemispheric asymmetries in lateralized verbal tasks due to an enhanced contribution of the right hemisphere. We suggest that the neurological basis of delusion-like beliefs may involve a release of right-hemisphere function from left-hemisphere control and sketch the focus of research for a future “neuropsychology of belief.”

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Asymmetric Attention Networks: The Case of Children

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617714000150 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 434-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sarit Yaakoby-Rotem ◽

Ronny Geva

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Attention Network Test ◽

Attention Network ◽

Attention Networks ◽

Executive Performance ◽

Attentional Networks ◽

Main Effect ◽

Hemisphere Dominance ◽

The Right

AbstractVisuospatial attention-networks are represented in both hemispheres, with right-hemisphere dominance in adults. Little is known about the lateralization of the attentional-networks in children. To assess the lateralization of attentional-networks in children aged 5 years, performance on a Lateralized-Attention-Network-Test specifically designed for children (LANT-C) was compared with performance on the Attention-Network-Test for children (ANT-C). Participants were 82 children, aged 5–6 years (55% boys, middle–class, mainstream schooling). They were examined with both the ANT-C and the LANT-C along with evaluation of intelligence and attention questionnaires. Multiple analysis of variance showed a main effect for network, with high efficiency for orienting and lower executive efficiency (accuracy; p < .001; η2 = .282). An effect for procedure, elucidated higher efficiency in the ANT-C relatively to the LANT-C (accuracy; p < .01; η2 = .097). A procedure × network interaction effect was also found, showing that this procedure difference is present in the alerting and executive networks (accuracy; p < .05; η2 = .096). LANT-C analysis showed a left visual-field advantage in alerting, (accuracy; p < .05; η2 = .066), while executing with the right hand benefitted executive performance (response-time; p < .05; η2 = .06). Results extend previous findings manifesting a right-hemisphere advantage in children's alerting-attention, pointing to the importance of lateralization of brain function to the understanding of the integrity of attention-networks in children. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–10)

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Peculiarities of electroencephalogram of left-handed individuals in imagination and realiza-tion of feet movements

I P Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald ◽

10.23888/pavlovj20183360-368 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 360-368

Author(s):

Olga A. Vedyasova ◽

Kseniya A. Morenova

Keyword(s):

Alpha Rhythm ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Type I ◽

Mu Rhythm ◽

Type Iii ◽

Left Handed ◽

Hemisphere Dominance ◽

Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽

The Right ◽

Motor Acts

Background. Relevance of the study arises from a lack of knowledge about peculiarities of programming and realization of movements in individuals with different profiles of motor dominance. This knowledge is important for understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms of motor functions and for creating neurocomputer interfaces. Aim. The analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in lefties during imaginary and real motor acts by right and left legs. Materials and Methods. The left-handed students were examined. They were divided into two groups on the basis of coefficients of motor asymmetry – with low (n=14) and high (n=7) degree of right-hemisphere dominance (LDRD and HDRD). EEG was recorded on neurovisor «NVX 36 digital DC EEG» in standard leads at rest and in successive imagination and fulfilment of movements by the right and left legs. Types of EEG were determined and the amplitude of the sensorimotor alpha-rhythm (mu-rhythm) was evaluated on the basis of analysis of spectral patterns of EEG. Results. It was shown that the majority of left-handed individuals with LDRD had type I EEG, and the minority had type III, whereas all left-handed individuals with HDRD had type I EEG. In imagination and realization of leg movements in the first group the quantity of individuals with EEG of type III increased, while in the second group the type of EEG did not change. Motor tasks were associated with depression of alpha-rhythm in central and frontal areas, but with different extent of evidence in lefties with LDRD and HDRD. More pronounced desynchronization of the central mu-rhythm was observed in left-handed individuals with HDRD, while the amplitude of the frontal alpha-rhythm, on the contrary, was more decreased in left-handed individuals with LDRD. Conclusions. The obtained data show dependence of EEG pattern in left-handed people during imagination and realization of motor acts by the leading and non-leading leg on the degree of the right hemisphere dominance that may find clinical application.

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Amble Gait EEG Points at Complementary Cortical Networks Underlying Stereotypic Multi-Limb Co-ordination

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2021.691482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Joyce B. Weersink ◽

Natasha M. Maurits ◽

Bauke M. de Jong

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Human Gait ◽

Hemisphere Dominance ◽

The Right ◽

Spectral Perturbation ◽

Healthy Participants

BackgroundWalking is characterized by stable antiphase relations between upper and lower limb movements. Such bilateral rhythmic movement patterns are neuronally generated at levels of the spinal cord and brain stem, that are strongly interconnected with cortical circuitries, including the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA).ObjectiveTo explore cerebral activity associated with multi-limb phase relations in human gait by manipulating mutual attunement of the upper and lower limb antiphase patterns.MethodsCortical activity and gait were assessed by ambulant EEG, accelerometers and videorecordings in 35 healthy participants walking normally and 19 healthy participants walking in amble gait, where upper limbs moved in-phase with the lower limbs. Power changes across the EEG frequency spectrum were assessed by Event Related Spectral Perturbation analysis and gait analysis was performed.ResultsAmble gait was associated with enhanced Event Related Desynchronization (ERD) prior to and during especially the left swing phase and reduced Event Related Synchronization (ERS) at final swing phases. ERD enhancement was most pronounced over the putative right premotor, right primary motor and right parietal cortex, indicating involvement of higher-order organization and somatosensory guidance in the production of this more complex gait pattern, with an apparent right hemisphere dominance. The diminished within-step ERD/ERS pattern in amble gait, also over the SMA, suggests that this gait pattern is more stride driven instead of step driven.ConclusionIncreased four-limb phase complexity recruits distributed networks upstream of the primary motor cortex, primarily lateralized in the right hemisphere. Similar parietal-premotor involvement has been described to compensate impaired SMA function in Parkinson’s disease bimanual antiphase movement, indicating a role as cortical support regions.

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Recognition of Sad and Happy Facial Expressions – Lateralization and Association with Depressive Symptoms

Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) ◽

10.51558/2490-3647.2021.6.1.331 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 331-352

Author(s):

Maida Koso-Drljević ◽

Meri Miličević

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Emotional Facial Expressions ◽

Depression Subscale ◽

Main Effect ◽

The Face ◽

Hemisphere Dominance ◽

The Right

The aim of the study was to test two assumptions about the lateralization of the processing of emotional facial expressions: the assumption of right hemisphere dominance and the valence assumption and to egsamine the influence of gender of the presented stimulus (chimera) and depression as an emotional state of participants. The sample consisted of 83 female students, with an average age of 20 years. Participants solved the Task of Recognizing Emotional Facial Expressions on a computer and then completed the DASS-21, Depression subscale. The results of the study partially confirmed the assumption of valence for the dependent variable - the accuracy of the response. Participants were recognizing more accurately the emotion of sadness than happiness when it is presented on the left side of the face, which is consistent with the valence hypothesis, according to which the right hemisphere is responsible for recognizing negative emotions. However, when it comes to the right side of the face, participants were equally accurately recognizing the emotion of sadness and happiness, which is not consistent with the valence hypothesis. The main effect of the gender of the chimera was statistically significant for the accuracy of the response, the recognition accuracy was higher for the male chimeras compared to the female. A statistically significant negative correlation was obtained between the variable sides of the face (left and right) with the achieved result on the depression subscale for the dependent variable - reaction time. The higher the score on the depressive subscale, the slower (longer) is reaction time to the presented chimera, both on the left and on the right.

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