The role of body image disturbance in the onset, maintenance, and relapse of anorexia nervosa: A systematic review

Objective To synthesize published literature describing the severity of body image disturbance (BID) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) over time, its psychosocial and functional associations, and treatment strategies as assessed by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Data Source PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Review Methods A systematic review of the English-language literature was performed to identify studies of BID in patients with HNC using psychometrically validated PROMs to assess (1) severity of BID over time, (2) psychosocial and functional associations, and (3) management strategies. Results A total of 17 studies met inclusion criteria. BID was assessed via 10 different PROMs, none of which were HNC-specific measures of BID. Two of 2 longitudinal studies (100%) reported that BID improved from pretreatment to posttreatment, and 2 of 3 longitudinal studies (67%) showed that the severity of BID decreased over time as survivors got further out from treatment. Seven of 17 studies (41%) described negative functional and psychosocial associations with BID, although study methodology limited conclusions about cause and effect. None of the studies assessing interventions to manage BID (0/2, 0%) demonstrated an improvement in BID relative to control. Conclusion BID in patients with HNC has negative functional and psychosocial associations and lacks evidence-based treatment. Research is limited by the lack of an HNC-specific BID PROM. Further research should address knowledge gaps related to the lack of an HNC-specific BID PROM, longitudinal course of BID in patients with HNC, confusion with regards to risk factors and outcomes, and lack of prevention and treatment strategies.

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Haloperidol for severe anorexia nervosa restricting type with delusional body image disturbance: a nine-case chart review

Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity ◽

10.1007/s40519-013-0052-9 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 329-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mauro Mauri ◽

Mario Miniati ◽

Michela Giorgi Mariani ◽

Agnese Ciberti ◽

Liliana Dell’Osso

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Chart Review ◽

Body Image Disturbance

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Body Image Disturbance, An Issue Of Anorexia Nervosa

Australian Occupational Therapy Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1440-1630.1985.tb01481.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JUDITH A. TREVAN-HAWKE

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Body Image Disturbance

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Body image treatment within an inpatient program for anorexia nervosa: The role of mirror exposure in the desensitization process

International Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1002/eat.10027 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 185-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Adrienne Key ◽

C. Louise George ◽

Desley Beattie ◽

Kate Stammers ◽

Hubert Lacey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Mirror Exposure

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Body-Image Disturbances in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1982.51.3.715 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 715-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mirja Kalliopuska

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Ego Identity ◽

The Body ◽

Body Image Disturbance ◽

Control Group ◽

Identity Problem ◽

Body Image Disturbances ◽

Image Projections

Body-image disturbances are studied by the Draw-A-Person test given to the anorexia nervosa group of 32 and a control group of 30. The Machover scoring system was used. Two new scales were also constructed, the index of disturbed body image and the unity index of the body image. Machover's method differentiated groups from each other statistically significantly including the new ones: the unity index of body image made by Kalliopuska and Siimes in 1980 and Kalliopuska's index of disturbed body image in 1981. Factor analysis of items gave six factors: severe body-image disturbance, body-image adequacy, hostility, regression, unsureness and faltering in body image, and ego-identity problem. Body-image projections varied greatly as the nature of anorexia nervosa is multidimensional.

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A translational neuroscience approach to body image disturbance and its remediation in anorexia nervosa

International Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1002/eat.22742 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (9) ◽

pp. 1014-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jamie Feusner ◽

Rangaprakash Deshpande ◽

Michael Strober

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Body Image Disturbance ◽

Translational Neuroscience

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Muscle And Fat Aftereffects And The Role Of Gender: Implications For Body Image Disturbance

10.31234/osf.io/fa9wr ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kevin R. Brooks ◽

Edwina Keen ◽

Daniel Sturman ◽

Jon Mond ◽

Dick stevenson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

General Population ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Image Disturbance ◽

High Fat ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Consumers ◽

Before And After ◽

Female Bodies

Body image disturbance – a cause of distress amongst the general population and those diagnosed with various disorders – is often attributed to the media’s unrealistic depiction of ideal bodies. These ideals are strongly gendered, leading to pronounced fat concern amongst females, and a male preoccupation with muscularity. Recent research suggests that visual aftereffects may be fundamental to the misperception of body fat and muscle mass – the perceptual component of body image disturbance. This study sought to establish the influence of gender on these body aftereffects. Male and female observers were randomly assigned to one of four adaptation conditions (low fat, high fat, low muscle, and high muscle bodies) and were asked to adjust the apparent fat and muscle levels of male and female bodies to make them appear as ‘normal’ as possible both before and after adaptation. While neither the gender of observers or of body stimuli had a direct effect, aftereffect magnitude was significantly larger when observers viewed own-gender (compared to other-gender) stimuli. This effect, which may be due to attentional factors, could have implications for the development of body image disturbance, given the preponderance of idealised own-gender bodies in media marketed to male and female consumers.

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The Role of Body Image on Psychosocial Outcomes in People With Diabetes and People With an Amputation

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.614369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah McDonald ◽

Louise Sharpe ◽

Carolyn MacCann ◽

Alex Blaszczynski

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Psychosocial Outcomes ◽

Health Condition ◽

Body Image Disturbance ◽

Psychosocial Outcome ◽

Personal Investment ◽

Ideal Discrepancy

IntroductionResearch indicates that body image disturbance is associated with poorer psychosocial outcomes for individuals with physical health conditions, with poorest body image reported for individuals with visible bodily changes. Using White’s (2000) theoretical model of body image the present paper aimed to examine the nature of these relationships in two distinct groups: individuals with an amputation and individuals with diabetes. It was hypothesized that body image disturbance would be associated with psychosocial outcomes and would mediate the relationships between self-ideal discrepancy and personal investment in psychosocial outcomes.MethodsIndividuals with diabetes (N = 212) and individuals with an amputation (N = 227) provided details regarding their medical condition, and completed measures assessing body image, investment, self-ideal discrepancy, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Structural equation and invariance modeling were used to test the model paths and the invariance of the model.ResultsAs hypothesized, body image disturbance was found to mediate the relationships between personal investment and psychosocial outcome, and between self-ideal discrepancy and psychosocial outcome. The predicted paths were invariant across groups, although the model accounted for more variance in people with an amputation than people with diabetes.ConclusionBody image disturbance, personal investment, and self-ideal discrepancy are important factors contributing to psychosocial outcome for individuals with diabetes and individuals with an amputation. These findings not only confirm the validity of the model in these two groups, but they emphasize the importance of targeting body image in future psychological interventions for individuals with a health condition.

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