Evaluation of action threshold-based insecticide spray programs for tomato fruitworm management in fresh-market tomatoes in Virginia

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Kuhar ◽  
Brian A. Nault ◽  
Erin M. Hitchner ◽  
John Speese
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Market ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Tomato Fruitworm ◽  
Insecticide Spray

AN ACTION THRESHOLD FOR CONTROL OF LEPIDOPTEROUS PESTS OF CABBAGE IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Dornan ◽  
Jeff G. Stewart ◽  
Mark K. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Cabbage Looper ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Insect Populations

AbstractAction thresholds for imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), and cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), were evaluated on two cultivars of cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata (L.), in Prince Edward Island. Thresholds were tested on plots of mid-season cabbage, cv. Minicole, and late-season cabbage, cv. Lennox, both grown for fresh market in 1991 and 1992. Management of larval populations at a threshold of 0.25 Cabbage Looper Equivalents (CLE) per plant resulted in yields equal to those obtained with bi-weekly applications or grower treatments. Higher thresholds of 0.50 and 1.0 CLE per plant were not as useful and did’ not consistently result in yields greater than untreated plots. Use of the threshold of 0.25 CLE per plant reduced the number of applications of insecticides by 30% compared with spraying insecticide at bi-weekly intervals from heading to harvest, and 43% compared with management by the grower without regard to insect populations or growth stage of the crop.

Developing action thresholds for codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with pear ester- and codlemone-baited traps in apple orchards treated with sex pheromone mating disruption

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Knight ◽  
D.M. Light
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Pear Ester ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Action Thresholds ◽  
Insecticide Spray

AbstractTraps baited with either ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) or (E,E)- 8,10- dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) (Pherocon® CM-DA™ and Megalure CM™ lures, respectively) were used to develop action thresholds for codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.)) in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.; Rosaceae) orchards treated with sex pheromones for control of this pest. Studies were conducted in 102 orchards treated with 500–1000 ISOMATE®-C PLUS dispensers per hectare during 2000–2002. Pairs of traps were placed within two 1.0-ha plots within each orchard. Fruit injury was assessed at mid-season and prior to harvest in each plot. The numbers of female and total moths caught in pear ester-baited traps and male moths caught in codlemone-baited traps were used to develop action thresholds. Thresholds were based on the minimum cumulative number of moths per trap in ≥95% of traps in unsprayed plots with no fruit injury. Specific thresholds were established for the first insecticide spray targeting the start of egg hatch and for the first and second moth flights. The proportion of plots with mid-season fruit injury that had cumulative moth catches below the action threshold at first spray and at second moth flight was determined using the established action threshold and thresholds reduced incrementally to ≥1 moth per trap. Moth catches below the threshold at first spray were less common in plots with high levels of fruit injury (>0.3%) than in plots with low levels of fruit injury and more common with codlemone-baited traps than with pear ester-baited traps. An action threshold of ≥1 moth in a pear ester-baited trap at first spray eliminated the error in predicting fruit injury in plots at mid-season. Conversely, a high proportion of traps baited with either lure failed to predict low levels of fruit injury at harvest in unsprayed plots regardless of the cumulative moth threshold used during the second moth flight.

scholarly journals Developing Cotton IPM by Conserving Parasitoids and Predators of The Main Pest

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
Nurindah Nurindah ◽  
Dwi Adi Sunarto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Insecticide Spray

On early development of intensive cotton program, insect pests were considered as an important aspect in cotton cultivation, so that it needed to be scheduled sprays. The frequency of sprays was 7 times used 12L of chemical insecticides per hectare per season. Development of cotton IPM was emphasized on non-chemical control methods through optimally utilize natural enemies of the cotton main pests (Amrasca biguttulla (Ishida)Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)). Conservation of parasitoids and predators by providing the environment that support their population development is an act of supporting the natural enemies as an effective biotic mortality factor of the insect pests. The conservation could be done by improving the plant matter and cultivation techniques that include the use of resistant variety to leafhopper, intercropping cotton with secondary food plants, mulch utilization, using action threshold that considered the presence of natural enemies, and application of botanical insecticides, if needed. Conservation of parasitoids and predators in cotton IPM could control the insect pests without any insecticide spray in obtaining the production of cotton seed. As such, the use of IPM method would increase farmers’ income.

Hydroponic Greenhouse Production of Fresh-market Basil in Colorado

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 480f-481
Author(s):  
C. Elizabeth Succop ◽  
Steven E. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic Solution ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Organic Produce

Fresh-market basil has become a viable greenhouse commodity in Colorado. Marketing pressures and profit advantages also encourage the production of certified organic produce. The research objectives were to determine the length of time basil plants were productive in the greenhouse and to compare the production of fresh-market basil grown with three root zone systems and two fertilizer treatments. The three systems were hydroponic rockwool slab culture, hydroponic perlite raised bed culture, and hydroponic peat/perlite/compost bag culture. The two types of hydroponic fertilizer treatments were a salt-based formulated nutrient solution and an organic solution consisting of fermented poultry compost, hydrolized fish emulsion, and soluble kelp. The plants were harvested once per week for fresh weight determination. The results from the two runs show greater productivity for the plants in the perlite system as well as the bag mix system when fertilized with the organic fertilizer compared to salt-based fertilizer. However, productivity of the plants in the rockwool system was greater with the salt-based treatment compared to the organic treatment.

Mechanical Harvester for Fresh Market Onions

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 0517-0519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne LePori and Price Hobgood
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Market ◽  
Mechanical Harvester

scholarly journals Prediction of profitability of topworking in older apple orchards under contemporary economic conditions of the Czech Republic  

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Blažek ◽  
V. Falta ◽  
R. Vávra ◽  
V. Beneš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Health State ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Good Health State

: In the Czech Republic, there is still a predominance of obsolete apple orchards that were established more than 15 years ago and that are not profitable under contemporary conditions. Typical features of these orchards are low or medium tree densities, freely growing semi-standard trees or hedgerows on semi-dwarf, or sometimes also on vigorous, rootstocks. The farmers are not always in a position to completely renovate them, and therefore they are interested in their topworking. The present paper studied the effectiveness of this measure under the current economic and market conditions of this country, using 3 types of orchards with different spacings and rootstocks and 5 groups of tree densities. Four cultivars were chosen as examples of different starting statuses for the modelling of subsequent development in three time horizons and for the prediction of profitability of this treatment. The profitability is based on an increase in farmer prices for cultivars that are presently recommended for replacement of the older ones according to the recent development of these prices on the fresh market. In the case of topworking for Spartan cv., an economic return of the measure can be expected at the earliest after 8 years of running the treated orchard. The greatest increase in profit can be achieved in orchards on the rootstock M 9. Nevertheless, with the decline of tree numbers in the orchard, or with the increase in tree losses, the general economic effectiveness of topworking notably falls. In the case of trees on the rootstock MM 106, this measure can have an economic effect only if at least 80% of the trees is in a good health state and it is presumed that the orchard will be used for another 10 years at least. A list of recommended cultivars to be used for replacement of the old ones is given.

Control of Helicoverpa zea in Tomatoes with Chlorantraniliprole Applied Through Drip Chemigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Kuhar ◽  
James F. Walgenbach ◽  
Hélène B. Doughty
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Worker Exposure ◽  
Anthranilic Diamide ◽  
Mammalian Toxicity ◽  
Tomato Fruitworm ◽  
Reduced Risk

Chlorantraniliprole (=Rynaxypyr) is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide that is of interest to vegetable growers because of its low mammalian toxicity and systemic properties. Field trials were conducted between 2006 and 2008 in North Carolina and Virginia to test the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole as a drip chemigation treatment on tomatoes. Drip chemigation of chlorantraniliprole at various rates and intervals significantly reduced the percentage of tomatoes damaged by tomato fruitworm (Helicoverpa zea) comparable to that typically achieved from multiple foliar applications of insecticides. The best control was achieved with two applications of chlorantraniliprole at 0.074 kg ai/ha, or a single application at 0.099 kg ai/ha. Residual ingestion bioassays showed that chlorantraniliprole was effectively taken up by the roots and was active in leaves up to 66 days after treatment (DAT), active in blossoms up to 22 DAT, but was not active in fruit. Drip chemigation of chlorantraniliprole may offer several advantages over foliar applications, including ease of application, reduced pesticide input into the environment, reduced worker exposure to pesticides, and reduced risk to beneficial arthropods. Accepted for publication 14 January 2010. Published 7 April 2010.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document