Control of Helicoverpa zea in Tomatoes with Chlorantraniliprole Applied Through Drip Chemigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Kuhar ◽  
James F. Walgenbach ◽  
Hélène B. Doughty
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Worker Exposure ◽  
Anthranilic Diamide ◽  
Mammalian Toxicity ◽  
Tomato Fruitworm ◽  
Reduced Risk

Chlorantraniliprole (=Rynaxypyr) is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide that is of interest to vegetable growers because of its low mammalian toxicity and systemic properties. Field trials were conducted between 2006 and 2008 in North Carolina and Virginia to test the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole as a drip chemigation treatment on tomatoes. Drip chemigation of chlorantraniliprole at various rates and intervals significantly reduced the percentage of tomatoes damaged by tomato fruitworm (Helicoverpa zea) comparable to that typically achieved from multiple foliar applications of insecticides. The best control was achieved with two applications of chlorantraniliprole at 0.074 kg ai/ha, or a single application at 0.099 kg ai/ha. Residual ingestion bioassays showed that chlorantraniliprole was effectively taken up by the roots and was active in leaves up to 66 days after treatment (DAT), active in blossoms up to 22 DAT, but was not active in fruit. Drip chemigation of chlorantraniliprole may offer several advantages over foliar applications, including ease of application, reduced pesticide input into the environment, reduced worker exposure to pesticides, and reduced risk to beneficial arthropods. Accepted for publication 14 January 2010. Published 7 April 2010.

scholarly journals Control of Second Generation Tobacco Budworms on Cotton in Southern North Carolina, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-239
Author(s):  
J. S. Bacheler ◽  
D. W. Mott
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Mechanical Harvester ◽  
Recommended Practices

Abstract Cotton was planted on 4 May in a Norfolk loamy sand on 38-inch rows near Laurel Hill in southeastern NC. Recommended practices for fertility and weed management were followed, and 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G used at planting for thrips control. Plots were 40 ft X 6 rows, with 10-ft alleys and 4 replications arranged in a RCBD. The entire test was oversprayed with 1.0 lb (AI)/acre Orthene 75S on 7 Jun to encourage TBW establishment via destruction of beneficial arthropods. A single application was applied to all plots on 21 Jun. All applications were applied with a CO2-pressurized back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gpa at 50 psi with a single Spraying Systems TX-8 hollow cone nozzle per row. On 27 Jun, 25 terminals from each plot were examined for TBW eggs, terminal damage from TBW and live larvae. No squares were present at this relatively late date and thus were not sampled. On 31 Jul, the number of white blooms and bolls was counted for 15 ft for each plot per replicate (60 ft total per treatment). Plots were harvested with a 2-row John Deere mechanical harvester on 18 Oct.

Fungicide efficacy on tar spot and yield of corn in the Midwestern United States

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy E. P. Telenko ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
Adam Byrne ◽  
Jill Check ◽  
Camila Rocco Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Tar Spot ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Foliar Fungicide

Tar spot of corn caused by Phyllachora maydis has recently led to significant yield losses in the eastern corn belt of the Midwestern United States. Foliar fungicides containing quinone outside inhibitors(QoI), demethylation inhibitors(DMI), and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHI) are commonly used to manage foliar diseases in corn. To mitigate the losses from tar spot thirteen foliar fungicides containing single or multiple modes of action (MOA/FRAC groups) were applied at their recommended rates in a single application at the standard tassel/silk growth stage timing to evaluate their efficacy against tar spot in a total of eight field trials in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin during 2019 and 2020. The single MOA fungicides included either a QoI or DMI. The dual MOA fungicides included a DMI with either a QoI or SDHI, and fungicides containing three MOAs included a QoI, DMI, and SDHI. Tar spot severity estimated as the percentage of leaf area covered by P. maydis stroma of the non-treated control at dent growth stage ranged from 1.6 to 23.3% on the ear leaf. Averaged across eight field trials all foliar fungicide treatments reduced tar spot severity, but only prothioconazole+trifloxystrobin, mefentrifluconazole+pyraclostrobin+fluxapyroxad, and mefentrifluconazole+pyraclostrobin significantly increased yield over the non-treated control. When comparing fungicide treatments by the number of MOAs foliar fungicide products that had two or three MOAs decreased tar spot severity over not treating and products with one MOA. The fungicide group that contained all three MOAs significantly increased yield over not treating with a fungicide or using a single MOA.

Appropriate Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Regime for Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) In the Humid Tropics

Helia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (70) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
E. Akpojotor ◽  
V.I.O. Olowe ◽  
C. Adejuyigbe ◽  
S.O. Adigbo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
P Fertilizer

AbstractTwo field trials were conducted on the Research Farm of the Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Nigeria during the late cropping seasons (Jun.–Nov.) of 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the agronomic performance of four recently released sunflower varieties (SAMSUN-1, SMASUN-2, SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4) to three fertilizer regimes: Control, Split application of 30 kg N + 28 kg P2O5 at 21 days after sowing (DAS) and at anthesis and Single application of 60 kg N and 56 kg P2O5 at 21DAS. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design using a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Data were collected on phenology, plant height, seed yield and yield attributes, and quality. The varietal effect was only significant in 2015 for head weight, a number of achene per head and 100 achene weight. Application of N and P fertilizer either as split or single significantly (P ≤ 0.05; F-test) enhanced plant height at R5 and R9, 100 achene weight, achene weight per head and grain yield in both years. Single application resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher grain yield in 2014 than the split and control and was on par with a split. Significant variety × fertilizer regime was recorded for protein content in 2014 and 2015, and oil content in 2015. Therefore, a single application of N and P fertilizers at 21 WAS is recommended for adoption in the humid tropics to enhance seed and oil production of SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4.

Response of LibertyLink and WideStrike Cotton to Varying Rates of Glufosinate

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrin M. Dodds ◽  
Christopher L. Main ◽  
L. Thomas Barber ◽  
Charles Burmester ◽  
Guy D. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Growth Development

Field studies were conducted in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee during 2010 and 2011 to determine the effect of glufosinate application rate on LibertyLink and WideStrike cotton. Glufosinate was applied in a single application (three-leaf cotton) or sequential application (three-leaf followed by eight-leaf cotton) at 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 kg ai ha−1. Glufosinate application rate did not affect visual injury or growth parameters measured in LibertyLink cotton. No differences in LibertyLink cotton yield were observed because of glufosinate application rate; however, LibertyLink cotton treated with glufosinate yielded slightly more cotton than the nontreated check. Visual estimates of injury to WideStrike cotton increased with each increase in glufosinate application rate. However, the injury was transient, and by 28 d after the eight-leaf application, no differences in injury were observed. WideStrike cotton growth was adversely affected during the growing season following glufosinate application at rates of 1.2 kg ha−1 and greater; however, cotton height and total nodes were unaffected by glufosinate application rate at the end of the season. WideStrike cotton maturity was delayed, and yields were reduced following glufosinate application at rates of 1.2 kg ha−1 and above. Fiber quality of LibertyLink and WideStrike cotton was unaffected by glufosinate application rate. These data indicate that glufosinate may be applied to WideStrike cotton at rates of 0.6 kg ha−1 without inhibiting cotton growth, development, or yield. Given the lack of injury or yield reduction following glufosinate application to LibertyLink cotton, these cultivars possess robust resistance to glufosinate. Growers are urged to be cautious when increasing glufosinate application rates to increase control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in WideStrike cotton. However, glufosinate application rates may be increased to maximum labeled rates when making applications to LibertyLink cotton without fear of reducing cotton growth, development, or yield.

A review of the use of phosphate rocks as fertilizers for direct application in Australia and New Zealand.

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Bolan ◽  
RE White ◽  
MJ Hedley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Phosphate Rocks ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
Suitable Area

Field trials in New Zealand have shown that reactive phosphate rocks (RPRs) can be as effective as soluble P fertilisers, per kg of P applied, on permanent pastures that have a soil pH<6.0 (in water) and a mean annual rainfall >800 mm. Whereas RPRs such as North Carolina, Sechura, Gafsa and Chatham Rise have been evaluated on permanent pastures in New Zealand, most Australian field trials have examined unreactive PRs such as Christmas Island A and C grade, Nauru and Duchess, using annual plant species. Only in recent experiments has an RPR, North Carolina, been examined. Except on the highly leached sands in southern and south-western Australia, both reactive and unreactive PRs have shown a low effectiveness relative to superphosphate. In addition to chemical reactivity, other factors may contribute to the difference in the observed agronomic effectiveness of PRs in Australia and New Zealand. Generally, PRs have been evaluated on soils of lower pH, higher pH buffering capacity (as measured by titratable acidity) and higher P status in New Zealand than in Australia. Rainfall is more evenly distributed throughout the year on New Zealand pastures than in Australia where the soil surface dries out between rainfall events. Dry conditions reduce the rate at which soil acid diffuses to a PR granule and dissolution products diffuse away. Even when pH and soil moisture are favourable, the release of P from PR is slow and more suited to permanent pasture (i.e. the conditions usually used to evaluate PRs in New Zealand) than to the annual pastures or crops used in most Australian trials. Based on the criteria of soil pH<6.0 and mean annual rainfall >800 mm, it is estimated that the potentially suitable area for RPRs on pasture in New Zealand is about 8 million ha. Extending this analysis to Australia, but excluding the seasonal rainfall areas of northern and south-western Australia, the potentially suitable area is about 13 million ha. In New Zealand, many of the soils in the North and South Islands satisfy both the pH and rainfall criteria. However, suitable areas in Australia are confined mainly to the coastal and tableland areas of New South Wales and eastern Victoria, and within these areas the actual effectiveness of RPR will depend markedly on soil management and the distribution of annual rainfall. Further research on RPR use should be focused on these areas.

Observations on the control of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferr.), with endosulfan in Uganda

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Host Parasite

Three field trials with endosulfan against coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferr.), on both Coffea arabica and C. canephora are described. The insecticide was applied from motorized knapsack sprayers at 20 gal. per acre of an emulsified solution containing 0.2 per cent, active ingredient to the branches bearing the crop.In two trials endosulfan applied twice at 21-day intervals significantly reduced the numbers of cherries containing living borers and the percentage of damaged cherries at the first pick. In the third trial a single application of endosulfan proved to be as effective as the double one. Increases in yield could not be detected. It was shown, by allowing insects to emerge from caged samples of cherries taken when picking began, that endosulfan did not affect the host/parasite ratio of either H. hampei or Geratitis coffeae (Bez.), nor did it increase the numbers of berry-boring caterpillars.No off-flavours following treatment could be detected in liquoring trials of robusta coffee beans that were dry processed or pulped and washed.Laboratory experiments in which adults of H. hampei were exposed above, but out of contact with, filter papers that had been dipped in an emulsified solution containing 0·2 per cent, endosulfan showed that it was acting at least as a partial fumigant and was more effective at 30°C. than at room temperature (21°C); spraying should thus preferably be carried out on warm, sunny days. In view of these findings, and as it is relatively non-toxic, endosulfan is recommended for control of H. hampei in Uganda when heavy attacks occur.

Characterisation of, and entomopathogenic studies on, Pristionchus aerivorus (Cobb in Merrill & Ford, 1916) Chitwood, 1937 (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae) from North Carolina, USA

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-580
Author(s):  
Weimin Ye ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Paul R. Adams ◽  
Yasmin J. Cardoza
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

During a survey of entomopathogenic nematodes in North Carolina, USA, aPristionchusspecies was recovered using theGalleriabait method. Morphological studies with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, mating tests with reference strains, as well as molecular analyses of the near-full-length small subunit rRNA gene (18S) and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit rRNA gene (28S) identified this isolate asPristionchus aerivorus. ExposedGallerialarvae were killed within 48 h and high numbers of nematodes were recovered from the cadavers about 5 days later. Preliminary tests revealed that this nematode is capable of infecting at least two other insect species (Helicoverpa zeaandTenebrio molitor) under laboratory conditions. The status of the genusChroniodiplogasteris discussed and confirmed as a junior synonym ofPristionchusbased on morphological observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis.

scholarly journals Smooth Crabgrass and Goosegrass Control with Metamifop in Creeping Bentgrass

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan T. Parker ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Michael L. Flessner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Injury Potential

Smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) are problematic weeds in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) because of limited herbicide options for postemergence (POST) control and turfgrass injury potential. Metamifop is a herbicide currently being considered for release to markets in the United States but information is lacking on the most effective rates and application timings for smooth crabgrass and goosegrass control in creeping bentgrass. Field trials were conducted in Auburn, AL in 2009 and 2013 to evaluate metamifop rates (200 to 800 g·ha−1) and single or sequential application timings compared with fenoxaprop (51 to 200 g·ha−1) at two different mowing heights. Metamifop applied twice and three times sequentially at 200 g·ha−1 provided the greatest smooth crabgrass (>97%) and goosegrass (>90%) control at rough (1½ inch) and green (1/8 inch) mowing heights without unacceptable creeping bentgrass injury at 56 days after initial treatment. All treatments caused <20% visible injury on creeping bentgrass at both mowing heights except the highest rate of metamifop. Smooth crabgrass control at the green mowing height was greater than at the rough mowing height, especially at lower metamifop rates with a single application.

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