Weed management using crop competition in the United States: A review

AbstractPotential yield losses in grain sorghum due to weed interference based on quantitative data from the major grain sorghum-growing areas of the United States are reported by the WSSA Weed Loss Committee. Weed scientists and extension specialists who researched weed control in grain sorghum provided data on grain sorghum yield loss due to weed interference in their region. Data were requested from up to 10 individual experiments per calendar year over 10 yr between 2007 and 2016. Based on the summarized information, farmers in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Texas would potentially lose an average of 37%, 38%, 30%, 56%, 61%, and 60% of their grain sorghum yield with no weed control, and have a corresponding annual monetary loss of US $19 million, 302 million, 7 million, 32 million, 25 million, and 314 million, respectively. The overall average yield loss due to weed interference was estimated to be 47% for this grain sorghum-growing region. Thus, US farmers would lose approximately 5,700 million kg of grain sorghum valued at approximately US $953 million annually if weeds are not controlled. With each dollar invested in weed management (based on estimated weed control cost of US $100 ha−1), there would be a return of US $3.80, highlighting the return on investment in weed management and the importance of continued weed science research for sustaining high grain sorghum yield and profitability in the United States.

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Benchmark study on glyphosate-resistant cropping systems in the United States. Part 7: Effects of weed management strategy (grower practices versus academic recommendations) on the weed soil seedbank over 6 years

Pest Management Science ◽

10.1002/ps.4039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 692-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David J Gibson ◽

Bryan G Young ◽

Micheal DK Owen ◽

Karla L Gage ◽

Joseph L Matthews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

The United States ◽

Benchmark Study ◽

Soil Seedbank

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Integrated pest management and weed management in the United States and Canada

Pest Management Science ◽

10.1002/ps.3928 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 357-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Micheal DK Owen ◽

Hugh J Beckie ◽

Julia Y Leeson ◽

Jason K Norsworthy ◽

Larry E Steckel

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Weed Management ◽

The United States

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Carrots and Sticks: Incentives and Regulations for Herbicide Resistance Management and Changing Behavior

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-15-00171.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (SP1) ◽

pp. 627-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Michael Barrett ◽

John Soteres ◽

David Shaw

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Herbicide Tolerance ◽

The United States ◽

Weed Species ◽

Agricultural Community

Although the problem of herbicide resistance is not new, the widespread evolution of glyphosate resistance in weed species such as Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Wats.), common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudisSauer), and kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.] raised awareness throughout the agricultural community of herbicide resistance as a problem. Glyphosate-resistant weeds resulted in the loss of a simple, single herbicide option to control a wide spectrum of weeds that gave efficacious and economical weed management in corn (Zea maysL.), soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], and cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) crops engineered for tolerance to this herbicide and planted over widespread areas of the South and Midwest of the United States. Beyond these crops, glyphosate is used for vegetation management in other cropping systems and in noncrop areas across the United States, and resistance to this herbicide threatens its continued utility in all of these situations. This, combined with the development of multiple herbicide-resistant weeds and the lack of commercialization of herbicides with new mechanisms of action over the past years (Duke 2012), caused the weed science community to realize that stewardship of existing herbicide resources, extending their useful life as long as possible, is imperative. Further, while additional herbicide tolerance traits are being incorporated into crops, weed management in these crops will still be based upon using existing, old, herbicide chemistries.

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Benchmark study on glyphosate-resistant cropping systems in the United States. Part 5: Effects of glyphosate-based weed management programs on farm-level profitability

Pest Management Science ◽

10.1002/ps.2177 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 781-784 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jason W Weirich ◽

David R Shaw ◽

Micheal DK Owen ◽

Philip M Dixon ◽

Stephen C Weller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

The United States ◽

Farm Level ◽

Benchmark Study ◽

On Farm

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Weed management of maize grown under temperate conditions: the case of Europe and the United States

Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science - Achieving sustainable cultivation of maize Volume 2 ◽

10.19103/as.2016.0002.24 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 415-438

Author(s):

Vasileios P. Vasileiadis ◽

◽

Maurizio Sattin ◽

Per Kudsk ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Weed Management ◽

The United States

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Benchmark Study: IV. Survey of Grower Practices for Managing Glyphosate-Resistant Weed Populations

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-11-00094.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 543-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Joby M. Prince ◽

David R. Shaw ◽

Wade A. Givens ◽

Micheal D. K. Owen ◽

Stephen C. Weller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Relative Effectiveness ◽

The United States ◽

Effective Management ◽

Benchmark Study ◽

Effectiveness Rating ◽

Grower Survey

In 2010, a grower survey was administered to 1,299 growers in 22 states to determine changes in weed management in the United States from 2006 to 2009. The majority of growers had not changed weed management practices in the previous 3 yr; however, 75% reported using weed management practices targeted at glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds. Growers were asked to rate their efforts at controlling GR weeds and rate the effectiveness of various practices for controlling/preventing GR weeds regardless of whether they were personally using them. Using the herbicide labeled rate, scouting fields, and rotating crops were among the practices considered by growers as most effective in managing GR weeds. Sixty-seven percent of growers reported effective management of GR weeds. Between the 2005 and 2010 Benchmark surveys, the frequency of growers using specific actions to manage GR weeds increased markedly. Although the relative effectiveness of practices, as perceived by growers, remained the same, the effectiveness rating of tillage and the use of residual and POST herbicides increased.

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The Status of Weed Science at Universities and Experiment Stations in the Northeastern United States

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-03-253r1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1150-1156 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jeffrey F. Derr

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Plant Pathology ◽

Weed Management ◽

Crop Production ◽

Science Research ◽

The United States ◽

Northeastern United States ◽

Weed Ecology ◽

Weed Science ◽

The Status

Weed science is an important component of pest management. Weeds cause approximately 12% loss in United States crop production, reduce crop quality, poison livestock, and adversely affect human health, recreation, and transportation. Herbicides comprise approximately 65% of pesticide expenditures, whereas insecticides and fungicides each comprise less than 20%. The total effect of weeds, including crop losses and costs of control, in the United States was estimated in 1994 to be $20 billion annually. A survey was prepared and mailed to weed scientists at universities and experiment stations in the northeastern United States to determine the number of faculty positions and course offerings devoted to weed science. There are approximately five times as many entomologists and more than three times as many plant pathologists as weed scientists at universities in the northeast. There are more than six times as many graduate students currently in entomology and more than four times as many in plant pathology compared with weed science. Few undergraduate courses in weed science are taught, and most universities have no graduate classes in weed science. There are almost seven times as many undergraduate entomology courses and more than twice as many plant pathology courses as weed science classes in this region. There are more than 17 times as many graduate entomology courses and more than 15 times as many plant pathology courses compared with weed science graduate classes. There are no departments devoted solely to weed science in the northeast, whereas entomology and plant pathology departments are both common. Most universities have little to no faculty assigned to aquatic, forestry, noncrop weed control, weed ecology, or laboratory trials, and numbers assigned to agronomic and horticultural crop weed management are limited. Additional university resources are needed if weed science research, teaching, and extension efforts are to meet the priority needs in weed management.

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(378) Weed Management in Organic Grapes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1068b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1068B-1068

Author(s):

Kathleen Delate ◽

Andrea McKern ◽

Michelle Kirkland

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

World War Ii ◽

Plant Height ◽

Weed Management ◽

Wood Chip ◽

The United States ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Wood Chips ◽

Wine Industry ◽

Randomized Design

Iowa was the sixth largest producer of grapes in the United States in the early 1900s, with 24,000 ha under production. The rapid expansion of petrochemicals post-World War II and grape's sensitivity to 2,4-D herbicides reduced vineyard size in Iowa to 28 ha in 2001. Recent state governmental support for organic fruit research and viticulture in general has led to the expansion of the grape and wine industry in Iowa. As of 2001, 5883 ha of organic grapes were produced in the United States. Challenges to organic grape production in the Midwest include diseases and weeds. The cultivation of American grape cultivars is essential in organic viticulture in the Midwest, including cultivars that are relatively cold hardy and disease tolerant. From 2003 to 2004, we experimented on-farm at Kirkland Vineyards, Norwalk, Iowa, with methods of organically approved weed management. Three replications of plots consisting of five vines each of `Marechal Foch' were laid out in 2003 in a completely randomized design in a 1-year-old vineyard. Treatments consisted of wood chips, wood chips plus vinegar herbicide (All-Down™, Summer Set Co., Chaska, Minn.), and mowing when weeds and groundcover reached 15 cm. Wood chips decreased weed load significantly over mowing alone, but wood chips plus vinegar herbicide provided the most control over 2 years of the experiment. There was a trend toward greater plant height in the wood chip treatment, but no significant differences in plant height were observed among treatments.

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