Review of the ecology and behaviour of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Western Africa and implications for vector control

Background In Malaysia, dengue remains a top priority disease and usage of insecticides is the main method for dengue vector control. Limited baseline insecticide resistance data in dengue hotspots has prompted us to conduct this study. The present study reports the use of a map on the insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to provide a quick visualization and overview of the distribution of insecticide resistance. Method and results The insecticide resistance status of Aedes populations collected from 24 dengue hotspot areas from the period of December 2018 until June 2019 was proactively monitored using the World Health Organization standard protocol for adult and larval susceptibility testing was conducted, together with elucidation of the mechanisms involved in observed resistance. For resistance monitoring, susceptibility to three adulticides (permethrin, deltamethrin, and malathion) was tested, as well as susceptibility to the larvicide, temephos. Data showed significant resistance to both deltamethrin and permethrin (pyrethroid insecticides), and to malathion (organophosphate insecticide) in all sampled Aedes aegypti populations, while variable resistance patterns were found in the sampled Aedes albopictus populations. Temephos resistance was observed when larvae were tested using the diagnostic dosage of 0.012mg/L but not at the operational dosage of 1mg/L for both species. Conclusion The present study highlights evidence of a potential threat to the effectiveness of insecticides currently used in dengue vector control, and the urgent requirement for insecticide resistance management to be integrated into the National Dengue Control Program.

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Semi Field Trial Competitive Power Married Made Sterile Aedes Albopictus as Method of Vector Control: A Current Vector Controlling Method

Journal of Ultimate Public Health ◽

10.22236/jump-health.v3.i1.p172-180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 172-180

Author(s):

Ahmad Rosyadi ◽

Ahmad Sehabudin ◽

Ariel Rifayat

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Current Vector ◽

Disease Vector ◽

Very High ◽

A Current

Aedes albopictus is a plant that causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is not as prevalent as Aedes Aegypti is not a disease given by Aedes albopictus mosquito is not much different from Aedes Aegypti mosquito. The Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of Dengue Fever is very high in Indonesia, at 41.4% at the beginning of dengue cases in Indonesia. Innovation continues to create for disease vector control to break the chain of disease. The use of sterile insect techniques is a useful thing in the things that need to be socialized in the community.

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A New, Cheap, Easy to Use, Foldable and Portable Autocidal Ovitrap for Aedes Control at Community Level

Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.9734/ajrid/2021/v6i430201 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-28

Author(s):

G. Carnevale ◽

P. Carnevale

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Community Level ◽

It Use ◽

Operational Issues ◽

Single Larva

Except for Yellow Fever there is still no operational vaccine, the Dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV, sold under the brand name Dengvaxia©) raised several issues and vaccination campaign were stopped. On the other hand there is still no specific treatment for the main arbovirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus such as dengue, Chikungunya, Zika and recent outbreaks occurred all over the World. For WHO “vector control is the key strategy to control or prevent the transmission of dengue (and other arbovirus) but clearly there is a need for improved new vector control approaches. Only another one vaccine is available against arbovirus is against Japanese Encephalitis transmitted by Culex tritaeniorhynchus. In line with this recommended approaches of new tools to be used at community level we successfully developed and implemented in Angola a “Very Simple Ovitrap Model” which actually “collected” eggs of Aedes aegypti warning for risk of arbovirus outbreaks, which, unfortunately, occurred few years later. These ovitraps were transformed as a tool for vector control in adding few drops of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in the water and several hundred of tests showed that not a single larva of Aedes aegypti was ever found in these “Bt fitted simple ovitrap”. To solve some operational issues (transport) we tested in Bali during 3 years several size and color of foldable container prepared as ovitraps and put in a garden among grass, banana trees etc, we thus collected eggs of Aedes albopictus, important vector of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), a serious threat in Asia, and preliminary tests (unpub.) showed some resistance to insecticide increasing the need for control. According to these trials, made in complete field conditions, we proposed a new foldable model of ovitrap as a vector control tool presented as a kit to be used at community level with a 3 steps action: open it/fill it/use it.

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Mapping the Geographical Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Dengue and Chikungunya Vector Mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) in the Epidemic Hotspot Regions of India: A Step towards the Vector Control and Sustainable Health

Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences ◽

10.12691/aees-8-6-15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 428-440

Author(s):

M. Palaniyandi ◽

T. Sharmila ◽

P. Manivel ◽

P Thirumalai ◽

PH Anand

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Sustainable Health

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A Challenge for a Unique Dengue Vector Control Programme: Assessment of the Spatial Variation of Insecticide Resistance Status amongst Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Populations in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6619175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Rasika Dalpadado ◽

Nayana Gunathilaka ◽

Deepika Amarasinghe ◽

Lahiru Udayanaga

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Vector Control ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Medical Officer ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

Susceptibility Status

Background. To date, dengue is considered an important public health problem in Sri Lanka. Irrational use of insecticides without evidence-based applications has primed the development of resistance in mosquito vectors. Method. The present study investigated the resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in three selected Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas (i.e., Attanagalla, Dompe, and Negombo) in Gampaha District, Western Province of Sri Lanka. Entomological surveys were performed using ovitraps and larval collections. Larval bioassays were carried out to determine the LC50, LC90, and LC95 and susceptibility status for organophosphate temephos, whereas adult bioassays were performed to test the 0.03% deltamethrin and 0.8% malathion susceptibility. Results. The study revealed that the temephos concentrations required to control Ae. aegypti (13.7-17.7 times) and Ae. albopictus (4.6-7.6 times) are higher than the diagnostic concentration (0.012 mg/L) proposed by the World Health Organization. The highest resistance levels were observed for both Ae. aegypti ( 14 ± 1.87 ) and Ae. albopictus ( 36 ± 1.87 ) collected from the Negombo MOH area. Therefore, the WHO recommended diagnostic concentration is no longer effective in controlling Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae in these areas. Both the dengue vectors have evolved a high level of insecticide resistance to malathion and deltamethrin in the Gampaha District except Ae. albopictus mosquitoes in rural areas. Further, vectors in rural areas are indicated susceptible (>98%) to pyrethroids and emergence of resistance (<97%) for organophosphate insecticides. Conclusion. The results of this study warrant the vector management authorities on the proper application of insecticides and rational use in vector control. The susceptibility status of vector mosquitoes should be continuously monitored especially in dengue-endemic areas parallel to the routine surveillance programme. Further molecular studies are strongly recommended to determine the Knockdown Resistance (kdr) mutations among Aedes populations.

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Avaliação da produtividade dos criadouros do Aedes aegypti (L.) e Aedes albopictus (Skuse) através dos dados da vigilância em Parati – RJ.

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v5i3.249 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 223-226

Author(s):

Eduardo Dias Wermelinger ◽

Adilson Benedito Almeida ◽

Ciro Villanova Benigno ◽

Aldo Pacheco Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Urban Environment ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Surveillance Data ◽

Dengue Vector ◽

Tree Holes ◽

Dengue Control ◽

Dengue Vector Control

Esse estudo avaliou a produtividade dos criadouros de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) e Aedes albopictus (Skuse) no município de Parati através dos dados da vigilância entomológica obtidos pelos métodos preconizados pelo Programa Nacional de Controle da Dengue (PNCD). O maior número de pupas de A. aegypti foi coletado nos ralos (31%), garrafas e latas (23%); e com A. albopictus o maior número foi nas garrafas, latas (24%) e vasos de planta (21%). Do total de pupas obtidas, 84,3% e 79,3% das pupas de A. aegypti e A. albopictus respectivamente foram coletadas em pequenos reservatórios: garrafas, vasos de plantas, pneus, bromélias, oco de árvores e ralos. Essas produtividades contradizem a literatura e podem ser explicadas pelas limitações de acesso aos grandes reservatórios e falha na capacitação dos agentes. Esse estudo chama atenção para a importância que os pequenos reservatórios podem ter na densidade do vetor no meio urbano nacional e conclui que a metodologia de vigilância entomológica usada tem sido ineficaz para identificar os grandes e mais produtivos criadouros. Essa conclusão sugere que essa ineficácia pode ser um fator importante pelos insucessos no combate a dengue no Brasil. Evaluation of Breeding Productivity from Surveillance Data for Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Parati, RJ, Brazil Abstract. This study evaluated the pupa-productivity of the entomologic surveillance according methodology used by the official Program for Dengue Control in Brazil (PDCB) for Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Parati, RJ, Brazil. The highest number of A. aegypti pupae were found in drains (31%), bottles and cans (23%); and the highest number of A. albopictus pupae were found in bottles and cans (24%), and plant vases (21%). Of the total pupae identified 84.3% and 79.3% of A. aegypti and A. albopictus respectively were collected in small receptacles: bottles, plants vase, tires, bromeliads and tree holes. These productivities are not supported by literature and can be explained by the restrictions of access for the bigger receptacles and lack of training of the agents. The study points out the importance which the small receptacles can have on vector densities in urban environment despite of their productivity and conclude that the entomology surveillance methodology for dengue used in PDCB has no efficacy to identify the bigger and more productive receptacles. This conclusion suggests that this inefficacy can be an important factor for the failures on dengue vector control in Brazil.

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Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Temephos in Thailand and Surrounding Countries

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 1207-1220

Author(s):

Manop Saeung ◽

Ratchadawan Ngoen-Klan ◽

Kanutcharee Thanispong ◽

Vithee Muenworn ◽

Michael J Bangs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Lao Pdr ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Immature Stage ◽

Published Data ◽

Control Programs ◽

Collection Sites

Abstract Aedes-borne virus disease control relies on insecticides to interrupt transmission. Temephos remains a key chemical for control of immature stage Aedes in Thailand and much of Southeast Asia. However, repeated use of insecticides may result in selection for resistance in vector populations, thus compromising operational intervention. Herein, the phenotypic response to temephos by Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) collected in Thailand and surrounding countries is presented. Data from 345 collection sites are included: 283 from literature review (244 sites with Ae. aegypti, 21 with Ae. albopictus, and 18 having both species sampled), plus 62 locations with Ae. aegypti in Thailand conducted between 2014 and 2018. Susceptibility assays followed WHO guidelines using the recommended discriminating dose of temephos (0.012 mg/liter) against late third to early fourth instar Ae. aegypti. Findings revealed 34 locations with susceptible Ae. aegypti, 13 with suspected resistance, and 15 indicating resistance. Published data between 1999 and 2019 in Thailand found Ae. aegypti resistant in 73 of 206 collection sites, whereas 3 locations from 11 sampled with low-level resistant in Ae. albopictus. From surrounding countries conducting temephos assays (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Singapore), resistance is present in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from 27 of 56 and 19 of 28 locations, respectively. Routine insecticide susceptibility monitoring should be an operational requirement in vector control programs. Given the wide distribution and apparent increase in temephos-resistance, alternative larvicidal compounds must be considered if chemical control is to remain a viable vector control strategy.

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Distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in different eco zones of Thiruvananthapuram city with special reference to dengue viremia in humans

ENTOMON ◽

10.33307/entomon.v43i4.402 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 223-230

Author(s):

S. Sunil Kumar ◽

D.A. Evans ◽

K. Muthulakshmi ◽

T. DilipKumar ◽

R. Heera Pillai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽

Single Step ◽

Equal Distribution ◽

Distribution Study ◽

Urban Zone ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Vector Management ◽

Efficient Vector

Mosquito index study of three ecologically different ecozones of the Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala showed sharp difference on the proportionate distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Human dengue viremia (HDV) was very high in those ecozones where A.aegypti density was high and HDV was low where A.albopictus was high. In a coastal zone of Thiruvananthapuram city, A. aegypti was the most abundant vector and in a hilly, arid suburban zone, A.albopictus was the abundant vector. In the urban zone both species of mosquitoes showed equal distribution. Study on the circulating serotypes in the serum of HDV by Single step single tube Multiplex PCR showed all the four serotypes viz DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4 in patients of Thiruvananthapuram city, which indicated the possibility of Dengue Shock Syndrome, unless there is efficient vector management. Among the four dengue serotypes, Type 1 was the most abundant virus. Abundance of microhabitats in Thiruvananthapuram city, which support A. aegypti may be the reason for high prevalence of dengue fever in the urban zone.

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