scholarly journals WITHDRAWN:Childhood violence exposure and social deprivation predict adolescent amygdala-orbitofrontal cortex white matter connectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 100822
Author(s):  
Leigh G. Goetschius ◽  
Tyler C. Hein ◽  
Colter. Mitchell ◽  
Nestor L. Lopez-Duran ◽  
Vonnie C. McLoyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

scholarly journals Childhood violence exposure and social deprivation predict adolescent amygdala-orbitofrontal cortex white matter connectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 100849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh G. Goetschius ◽  
Tyler C. Hein ◽  
Colter Mitchell ◽  
Nestor L. Lopez-Duran ◽  
Vonnie C. McLoyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Childhood Violence Exposure ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

Disturbed thalamocortical connectivity in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients with a high genetic loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Ik K Cho ◽  
Minah Kim ◽  
Youngwoo Bryan Yoon ◽  
Junhee Lee ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
Genetic Loading

Objectives: Alterations in thalamocortical anatomical connectivity, specifically the connection between the orbitofrontal cortex and thalamus, have been frequently reported in schizophrenia and are suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The connectivity of the thalamocortical white matter in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients was compared to that of healthy controls. Methods: The unaffected relative group was defined as asymptomatic family members who had at least one first-degree relative with schizophrenia and one or more other affected first- to third-degree relatives. A total of 35 unaffected relatives and 34 healthy controls underwent diffusion-weighted and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to examine the white matter connectivity between the thalamus and orbitofrontal cortex using probabilistic tractography. Results: After controlling for age and sex, the unaffected relatives exhibited significantly reduced fractional anisotropy values for the left thalamo-orbitofrontal tract compared to that of healthy controls, F(1, 65) = 6.93, p = 0.011, effect size partial η2 = 0.10. However, there was no association between the Genetic Liability Score and fractional anisotropy in the left thalamo-orbitofrontal tracts. Conclusion: Our findings in the unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients, which are in line with the alterations reported in schizophrenia, first-episode psychosis and clinical high risk for psychosis, highlight a possible genetic contribution to the proposed biomarker of altered thalamocortical connectivity.

scholarly journals White matter network damage mediates association between cerebrovascular disease and cognition

2021 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2199098
Author(s):  
Saima Hilal ◽  
Siwei Liu ◽  
Tien Yin Wong ◽  
Henri Vrooman ◽  
Ching-Yu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Epidemiology Of Dementia ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

To determine whether white matter network disruption mediates the association between MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) and cognitive impairment. Participants (n = 253, aged ≥60 years) from the Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore study underwent neuropsychological assessments and MRI. CeVD markers were defined as lacunes, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), microbleeds, cortical microinfarcts, cortical infarcts and intracranial stenosis (ICS). White matter microstructure damage was measured as fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity by tract based spatial statistics from diffusion tensor imaging. Cognitive function was summarized as domain-specific Z-scores. Lacunar counts, WMH volume and ICS were associated with worse performance in executive function, attention, language, verbal and visual memory. These three CeVD markers were also associated with white matter microstructural damage in the projection, commissural, association, and limbic fibers. Path analyses showed that lacunar counts, higher WMH volume and ICS were associated with executive and verbal memory impairment via white matter disruption in commissural fibers whereas impairment in the attention, visual memory and language were mediated through projection fibers. Our study shows that the abnormalities in white matter connectivity may underlie the relationship between CeVD and cognition. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the cause-effect relationship between CeVD, white matter damage and cognition.

White matter connectivity networks predict levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ho Jung ◽  
Yae Ji Kim ◽  
Seok Jong Chung ◽  
Han Soo Yoo ◽  
Yang Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

scholarly journals Differences in white matter connectivity between treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive subtypes of schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Beth McNabb ◽  
Rob Kydd ◽  
Frederick Sundram ◽  
Ian Soosay ◽  
Bruce Roy Russell
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

scholarly journals The convergence and divergence of episodic and semantic functions across lateral parietal cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina F. Humphreys ◽  
JeYoung Jung ◽  
Matthew A. Lambon Ralph
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

AbstractSeveral decades of neuropsychological and neuroimaging research have highlighted the importance of lateral parietal cortex (LPC) across a myriad of cognitive domains. Yet, despite the prominence of this region the underlying function of LPC remains unclear. Two domains that have placed particular emphasis on LPC involvement are semantic memory and episodic memory retrieval. From each domain, sophisticated models have been proposed as to the underlying function, as well as the more domain-general that LPC is engaged by any form of internally-directed cognition (episodic and semantic retrieval both being examples if this process). Here we directly address these alternatives using a combination of fMRI and DTI white-matter connectivity data. The results show that ventral LPC (angular gyrus) was positively engaged during episodic retrieval but disengaged during semantic memory retrieval. In addition, the level of activity negatively varied with task difficulty in the semantic task whereas episodic activation was independent of difficulty. In contrast, dorsal LPC (intraparietal sulcus) showed domain general activation that was positively correlated with task difficulty. In terms of structural connectivity, a dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior gradient of connectivity was found to different processing networks (e.g., mid-angular gyrus (AG) connected with episodic retrieval). We propose a unifying model in which LPC as a whole might share a common underlying function (e.g., multimodal buffering) and variations across subregions arise due to differences in the underlying white matter connectivity.

scholarly journals Exploring the laminar connectome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ittai Shamir ◽  
Omri Tomer ◽  
Ronnie Krupnik ◽  
Yaniv Assaf
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Cortical Grey Matter ◽  
Cortical Laminar ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
Human Brains

The human connectome is the complete structural description of the network of connections and elements that form the wiring diagram of the brain. Because of the current scarcity of information regarding laminar end points of white matter tracts inside cortical grey matter, tractography remains focused on cortical partitioning into regions, while ignoring radial partitioning into laminar components. To overcome this biased representation of the cortex as a single homogenous unit, we use a recent data-derived model of cortical laminar connectivity, which has been further explored and corroborated in the macaque brain by comparison to published studies. The model integrates multimodal MRI imaging datasets regarding both white matter connectivity and grey matter laminar composition into a laminar-level connectome. In this study we model the laminar connectome of healthy human brains (N=20) and explore them via a set of neurobiologically meaningful complex network measures. Our analysis demonstrates a subdivision of network hubs that appear in the standard connectome into each individual component of the laminar connectome, giving a fresh look into the role of laminar components in cortical connectivity and offering new prospects in the fields of both structural and functional connectivity.

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