scholarly journals Childhood violence exposure and social deprivation predict adolescent amygdala-orbitofrontal cortex white matter connectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 100849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh G. Goetschius ◽  
Tyler C. Hein ◽  
Colter Mitchell ◽  
Nestor L. Lopez-Duran ◽  
Vonnie C. McLoyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Childhood Violence Exposure ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

scholarly journals WITHDRAWN:Childhood violence exposure and social deprivation predict adolescent amygdala-orbitofrontal cortex white matter connectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 100822
Author(s):  
Leigh G. Goetschius ◽  
Tyler C. Hein ◽  
Colter. Mitchell ◽  
Nestor L. Lopez-Duran ◽  
Vonnie C. McLoyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

scholarly journals Childhood violence exposure and social deprivation are linked to adolescent threat and reward neural function

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1252-1259
Author(s):  
Tyler C Hein ◽  
Leigh G Goetschius ◽  
Vonnie C McLoyd ◽  
Jeanne Brooks-Gunn ◽  
Sara S McLanahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Childhood Violence Exposure ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background Childhood adversity is, unfortunately, highly prevalent and strongly associated with later psychopathology. Recent theories posit that two dimensions of early adversity, threat and deprivation, have distinct effects on brain development. The current study evaluated whether violence exposure (threat) and social deprivation (deprivation) were associated with adolescent amygdala and ventral striatum activation, respectively, in a prospective, well-sampled, longitudinal cohort using a pre-registered, open science approach. Methods One hundred and sixty-seven adolescents from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Prospective longitudinal data from ages 3, 5 and 9 years were used to create indices of childhood violence exposure and social deprivation. We evaluated whether these dimensions were associated with adolescent brain function in response to threatening and rewarding faces. Results Childhood violence exposure was associated with decreased amygdala habituation (i.e. more sustained activation) and activation to angry faces in adolescence, whereas childhood social deprivation was associated with decreased ventral striatum activation to happy faces in adolescence. These associations held when adjusting for the other dimension of adversity (e.g., adjusting for social deprivation when examining associations with violence exposure), the interaction of the two dimensions of adversity, gender, internalizing psychopathology, and current life stress. Conclusions Consistent with recent theories, different forms of early adversity were associated with region-specific differences in brain activation.

Disturbed thalamocortical connectivity in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients with a high genetic loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Ik K Cho ◽  
Minah Kim ◽  
Youngwoo Bryan Yoon ◽  
Junhee Lee ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
Genetic Loading

Objectives: Alterations in thalamocortical anatomical connectivity, specifically the connection between the orbitofrontal cortex and thalamus, have been frequently reported in schizophrenia and are suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The connectivity of the thalamocortical white matter in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients was compared to that of healthy controls. Methods: The unaffected relative group was defined as asymptomatic family members who had at least one first-degree relative with schizophrenia and one or more other affected first- to third-degree relatives. A total of 35 unaffected relatives and 34 healthy controls underwent diffusion-weighted and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to examine the white matter connectivity between the thalamus and orbitofrontal cortex using probabilistic tractography. Results: After controlling for age and sex, the unaffected relatives exhibited significantly reduced fractional anisotropy values for the left thalamo-orbitofrontal tract compared to that of healthy controls, F(1, 65) = 6.93, p = 0.011, effect size partial η2 = 0.10. However, there was no association between the Genetic Liability Score and fractional anisotropy in the left thalamo-orbitofrontal tracts. Conclusion: Our findings in the unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients, which are in line with the alterations reported in schizophrenia, first-episode psychosis and clinical high risk for psychosis, highlight a possible genetic contribution to the proposed biomarker of altered thalamocortical connectivity.

Differentiating Between Us & Them: Reduced In-Group Bias as a Novel Mechanism Linking Childhood Violence Exposure with Internalizing Psychopathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven William Kasparek ◽  
Maya L. Rosen ◽  
Lucy A. Lurie ◽  
Mina Cikara ◽  
Kelly Sambrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Childhood Violence Exposure ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Strong in-group bonds may promote mental health across development. Violence exposure influences social information processing biases and may also relate to social categorization processes. We examined associations of violence exposure with psychopathology and behavioral and neural indices of implicit and explicit in-group bias after minimal group assignment in children followed longitudinally across three time points from ages 5 to 10 years old (n = 101). In a pre-registered analysis, violence exposure was associated with lower implicit in-group bias, which in turn was associated prospectively with higher internalizing symptoms and mediated the longitudinal association between violence exposure and internalizing symptoms. Violence-exposed children did not exhibit the negative functional coupling between the left vmPFC and left amygdala when classifying in-group vs. out-group members that was observed in children without violence exposure. Reduced implicit bias for one’s in-group may represent a novel mechanism linking violence exposure with the development of internalizing symptoms.

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