scholarly journals Examining the development of memory for temporal context and its underlying neural processes using event-related potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 100932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Bettencourt ◽  
Laurel H. Everett ◽  
Yixin Chen ◽  
Thanujeni Pathman
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals The social situation affects how we process feedback about our actions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Czeszumski ◽  
Benedikt V. Ehinger ◽  
Basil Wahn ◽  
Peter König
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Process Feedback ◽  
Main Effects

Humans achieve their goals in joint action tasks either by cooperation or competition. In the present study, we investigated the neural processes underpinning error and monetary rewards processing in such cooperative and competitive situations. We used electroencephalography (EEG) and analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) triggered by feedback in both social situations. 26 dyads performed a joint four-alternative forced choice (4AFC) visual task either cooperatively or competitively. At the end of each trial, participants received performance feedback about their individual and joint errors and accompanying monetary rewards. Furthermore, the outcome, i.e. resulting positive, negative or neutral rewards, was dependent on the pay-off matrix, defining the social situation either as cooperative or competitive. We used linear mixed effects models to analyze the feedback-related-negativity (FRN) and used the Thresholdfree cluster enhancement (TFCE) method to explore activations of all electrodes and times. We found main effects of the outcome and social situation at mid-line frontal electrodes. The FRN was more negative for losses than wins in both social situations. However, the FRN amplitudes differed between social situations. Moreover, we compared monetary with neutral outcomes in both social situations. Our exploratory TFCE analysis revealed that processing of feedback differs between cooperative and competitive situations at right temporo-parietal electrodes where the cooperative situation elicited more positive amplitudes. Further, the differences induced by the social situations were stronger in participants with higher scores on a perspective taking test. In sum, our results replicate previous studies about the FRN and extend them by comparing neurophysiological responses to positive and negative outcomes in a task that simultaneously engages two participants in competitive and cooperative situations.

Effects of Task Difficulty on Neural Processes Underlying Semantics: An Event-Related Potentials Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Kemp ◽  
David Eddins ◽  
Rahul Shrivastav ◽  
Amanda Hampton Wray
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Final Word ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Improving the ability to listen efficiently in noisy environments is a critical goal for hearing rehabilitation. However, understanding of the impact of difficult listening conditions on language processing is limited. The current study evaluated the neural processes underlying semantics in challenging listening conditions. Method Thirty adults with normal hearing completed an auditory sentence processing task in 4-talker babble. Event-related brain potentials were elicited by the final word in high- or low-context sentences, where the final word was either highly expected or not expected, followed by a 4-alternative forced-choice response with either longer (1,000 ms), middle (700 ms), or shorter (400 ms) response time deadlines (RTDs). Results Behavioral accuracy was reduced, and reactions times were faster for shorter RTDs. N400 amplitudes, reflecting ease of lexical access, were larger when elicited by target words in low-context sentences followed by shorter compared with longer RTDs. Conclusions These results reveal that more neural resources are allocated for semantic processing/lexical access when listening difficulty increases. Differences between RTDs may reflect increased attentional allocation for shorter RTDs. These findings suggest that situational listening demands can impact the demands for cognitive resources engaged in language processing, which could significantly impact listener experiences across environments.

scholarly journals The X-Trials: Neural Correlates of an Inhibitory Control Task in Children and Adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elysia Poggi Davis ◽  
Jacqueline Bruce ◽  
Kelly Snyder ◽  
Charles A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Adults And Children

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to examine developmental differences between adults and 6-year-old children in the neural processes involved in an inhibitory control task. Twenty adults and 21 children completed a task that required them to selectively respond to target stimuli while inhibiting responses to equally salient non-target stimuli. Because this task had been previously studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the relation between the fMRI and ERP findings was informally examined. The results indicate that latency and amplitude of the P3 differentiated the different types of trials. However, the pattern of event-related neural activity differed for adults and children. These results, which suggest that adults and children may be using different processes to perform this task, have implications for the interpretation of the previous fMRI findings.

Orienting Attention to Locations in Internal Representations

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1176-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan C. Griffin ◽  
Anna C. Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Probe Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Array ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Internal Representations ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Related Potentials

Three experiments investigated whether it is possible to orient selective spatial attention to internal representations held in working memory in a similar fashion to orienting to perceptual stimuli. In the first experiment, subjects were either cued to orient to a spatial location before a stimulus array was presented (pre-cue), cued to orient to a spatial location in working memory after the array was presented (retro-cue), or given no cueing information (neutral cue). The stimulus array consisted of four differently colored crosses, one in each quadrant. At the end of a trial, a colored cross (probe) was presented centrally, and subjects responded according to whether it had occurred in the array. There were equivalent patterns of behavioral costs and benefits of cueing for both pre-cues and retro-cues. A follow-up experiment used a peripheral probe stimulus requiring a decision about whether its color matched that of the item presented at the same location in the array. Replication of the behavioral costs and benefits of pre-cues and retro-cues in this experiment ruled out changes in response criteria as the only explanation for the effects. The third experiment used event-related potentials (ERPs) to compare the neural processes involved in orienting attention to a spatial location in an external versus an internal spatial representation. In this task, subjects responded according to whether a central probe stimulus occurred at the cued location in the array. There were both similarities and differences between ERPs to spatial cues toward a perception versus an internal spatial representation. Lateralized early posterior and later frontal negativities were observed for both preand retro-cues. Retro-cues also showed additional neural processes to be involved in orienting to an internal representation, including early effects over frontal electrodes.

scholarly journals Novel Adjective Processing in Preschool Children: Evidence From Event-Related Brain Potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 542-560
Author(s):  
Katelyn L. Gerwin ◽  
Laurence B. Leonard ◽  
Jennifer Schumaker ◽  
Patricia Deevy ◽  
Eileen Haebig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Related Potentials

Purpose Recent findings in preschool children indicated novel adjective recall was enhanced when learned using repeated retrieval with contextual reinstatement (RRCR) compared to repeated study (RS). Recall was similar for learned pictures used during training and new (generalized) pictures with the same adjective features. The current study compared the effects of learning method and learned/generalized pictures on the neural processes mediating the recognition of novel adjectives. Method Twenty typically developing children aged 4;6–5;11 (years;months) learned four novel adjectives, two using RRCR and two using RS. Five-minute and 1-week tests assessed adjective recall using learned and generalized pictures. Also, at the 1-week visit, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to assess children's processing of learned/generalized pictures, followed by naturally spoken novel adjectives in a match–mismatch paradigm. Results Naming recall and match–mismatch judgment accuracy were similar for the RS and RRCR conditions and across learned/generalized pictures. However, ERPs revealed more reliable condition effects in the phonological mapping negativity, indexing phonological expectations, and the late positive component, indexing semantic reanalysis, for the adjectives learned in the RRCR relative to the RS condition. Unfamiliar pictures (generalized) elicited larger amplitude N300 and N400 components relative to learned pictures. Conclusions Although behavioral accuracy measures suggest similar effects of the RS and RRCR learning conditions, subtle differences in the ERPs underlying novel adjective processing indicate advantages of RRCR for phonological processing and semantic reanalysis. While children readily generalized the novel adjectives, ERPs revealed greater cognitive resources for processing unfamiliar compared to learned pictures of the novel adjective characteristics. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13683214

scholarly journals Less Expectation, Less Pain: Low Wealth Alleviates Sense of Unfairness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanxiong Pei ◽  
Jia Jin ◽  
Taihao Li ◽  
Cheng Fang
Keyword(s):  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Frontal Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Acceptance Rates

Objective wealth plays an important role in social interaction and economic decision making. Previous studies indicate that objective wealth of others may influence the way we participate in resources allocation. However, the effect of objective wealth on responses to fairness-related resource distribution is far from clear, as are the underlying neural processes. To address this issue, we dynamically manipulated proposers’ objective wealth and analyzed participants’ behavior as responders in a modified Ultimatum Game, during which event-related potentials were recorded. Behavioral results showed that participants were prone to reject unfair proposals although that rejection would reduce their own benefit. Importantly, participants were more likely to accept unfair offers from proposers with low objective wealth than from proposers with high objective wealth, with a drastic increase in acceptance rates of unfair offers from 32.79 to 50.59%. Further electrophysiological results showed that there was significantly enhanced feedback-related negativity amplitude toward proposers with high (relative to low) objective wealth for unfair offers. Furthermore, the late frontal negativity amplitude was larger for all the conditions which are not high-fair, which might be the only option that did not elicit any ambiguity. These findings suggest a strong role of proposers’ objective wealth in modulating responders’ behavioral and neural responses to fairness.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Dissociation of Picture Versus Word Encoding: The Distinctiveness Heuristic as a Retrieval Orientation

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Budson ◽  
Daniel B. J. Droller ◽  
Chad S. Dodson ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter ◽  
Michael D. Rugg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Response Mode ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Word Group ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Retrieval Orientation ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Distinctiveness Heuristic ◽  
Item Types

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate the neural processes underlying the distinctiveness heuristic— a response mode in which participants expect to remember vivid details of an experience and make recognition decisions based on this metacognitive expectation. One group of participants studied pictures and auditory words; another group studied visual and auditory words. Studied and novel items were presented at test as words only, with all novel items repeating after varying lags. ERP differences were seen between the word and picture groups for both studied and novel items. For the novel items, ERP differences were largest in frontal and central midline electrodes. In separate analyses, the picture group showed the greatest ERP differences between item types in a parietally based component from 550 to 1000 msec, whereas the word group showed the greatest differences in a frontally based component from 1000 to 2000 msec. The authors suggest that the distinctiveness heuristic is a retrieval orientation that facilitates reliance upon recollection to differentiate between item types. Although the picture group can use this heuristic and its retrieval orientation on the basis of recollection, the word group must engage additional postretrieval processes to distinguish between item types, reflecting the use of a different retrieval orientation.

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