Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cavity Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-521
Author(s):  
David Ojeda ◽  
Michaell A. Huber ◽  
Alexander R. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Cavity Cancer ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

scholarly journals Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Kujan ◽  
Bede van Schaijik ◽  
Camile S. Farah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Cancers of the oral cavity cause significant cancer-related death worldwide. While survival rates have improved in recent years, new methods of treatment are being investigated to limit disease progression and to improve outcomes, particularly in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). The emerging treatment modality of immunotherapy targets immune checkpoint molecules including PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, and TIM-3 to enhance the host immune response against tumours, and to limit the growth and progression of cancer cells. In this systematic review, we searched five databases for keywords pertaining to oral cancers and OPMDs, along with immune checkpoint inhibitors, in order to summarize the current status of their use and efficacy in these diseases. A total of 644 different articles were identified between 2004 and 2019, with 76 deemed suitable for inclusion in the study, providing a total of 8826 samples. Combined results show expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the majority of OPMD and OSCC samples, with expression correlating with increased progression and decreased survival rates. Immunotherapy agents pembrolizumab and nivolumab target PD-1 and have been shown to prolong survival rates and improve disease outcomes, especially in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Despite the equivocal nature of current evidence, there is support for the prognostic and predictive value of immune checkpoint molecules, especially PD-L1, and many studies provide support for the effective use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the management of OSCC. Limited data is available for OPMD, therefore this should be the focus of future research.

scholarly journals Verification of Saliva Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 as a Strong Diagnostic Marker of Oral Cavity Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2273
Author(s):  
Ya-Ting Chang ◽  
Lichieh Julie Chu ◽  
Yen-Chun Liu ◽  
Chih-Jou Chen ◽  
Shu-Fang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Oral Cavity Cancer ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Highly Correlated

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for >90% of cases of oral cancer, including cancer at the lip and oral cavity and cancer at the oropharynx. Most OSCCs develop from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which consist of heterogeneous lesions with different malignant transformation potentials that make early detection of OSCC a challenge. Using a targeted mass spectrometry-based assay to compare multiple candidate proteins, we previously identified matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) as one of the most promising salivary OSCC biomarkers. To explore the clinical utility of MMP-1 in OSCC detection, we developed an in-house, sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring MMP-1 content, and tested it on saliva samples from 1160 subjects (313 healthy controls, and 578 OPMD and 269 OSCC patients) collected at two medical centers. Salivary MMP-1 levels measured by our in-house ELISA significantly discriminated OSCC patients from non-cancerous groups. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that MMP-1 was effective in separating non-cancer groups from patients with OSCCs at the oral cavity. Additionally, salivary MMP-1 levels in oral cavity cancer patients were highly correlated with tumor progression (tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and overall stage). Collectively, our results indicate that salivary MMP-1 is an effective biomarker for OSCC that can be sensitively detected using our newly developed ELISA. The newly developed MMP-1 ELISA may be used as a new adjunctive tool to aid in detecting and monitoring OSCC.

scholarly journals Oral HPV16 Prevalence in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cavity Cancers

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Dun Tang ◽  
Lilian Menezes ◽  
Kurt Baeten ◽  
Laurence J. Walsh ◽  
Bernard C. S. Whitfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
P16ink4a Expression ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Oral Cavity Carcinoma ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Oral Cavity Cancers ◽  
Hpv16 Infection

The role of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral cavity carcinoma (OC) is still under debate. We investigated HPV16 prevalence in unstimulated saliva, oral rinse samples, oral swabs and tumour biopsies collected from OPMD (n = 83) and OC (n = 106) patients. HPV16 genotype, viral load, physical status (episomal vs. integrated) and tumour p16INK4a expression were determined. Oral HPV16 prevalence was higher in OC than in OPMD, but this difference was not statistically significant (7.5% (8/106) versus 3.6% (3/83), odds ratio (OR): 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56, 8.48, p = 0.26). There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between oral HPV16 infection and heavy tobacco consumption. Real-time PCR results indicated that no integration events occurred in either OPMD or OC cases based on the HPV16 E2/E6 ratio. HPV16 positive OPMD and OC patients had similar HPV16 E2 and E6 viral loads. The inter-rater agreement between tumour p16INK4a expression and oral HPV16 infection was considered as fair (k = 0.361) for OC. Our data suggest that the involvement of HPV16 in oral carcinogenesis is limited.

scholarly journals Genetic and Proteinic Linkage of MAO and COMT with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Cancers of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3268
Author(s):  
Ping-Ho Chen ◽  
Yen-Yun Wang ◽  
Ting-Hsun Lan ◽  
Leong-Perng Chan ◽  
Shyng-Shiou Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Group I ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Betel quid (BQ), a group I human carcinogen, strongly contributes to an increased risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. This study was conducted to discover whether monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) variants play a potential role in the risk assessment of oral cavity and pharynx cancers and OPMD, particularly among BQ users. We applied a case–control study to confirm the polymorphism of MAO and COMT using single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We used qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine MAO and COMT expression. Carriers of the MAOA rs6323 G-allele, MAOB rs6324 G-allele, and COMT rs4633 C/C-genotype had a prominently increased risk of oral cavity and pharynx cancers (AOR = 56.99; p < 0.001). Compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues, a significant downregulation of MAO and COMT expression was exhibited in cancerous tissues (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in different cell models, MAO and COMT expression was significantly downregulated with an increased dose of arecoline (p < 0.01). In personalized preventive medicine for oral and pharyngeal cancers, our findings are the first to demonstrate the potential role of lower MAO and COMT expression levels, with the risk polymorphisms utilized as clinical biomarkers.

scholarly journals Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders among adult population: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 671-679
Author(s):  
Meenapriya M ◽  
Deepika Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Oral potentially malignant disorders refer to both the precancerous lesions and precancerous conditions of the oral cavity. They possess the risk of cancer development in the oral cavity. Precancerous lesions and conditions are associated with various causative factors such as smoking, smokeless forms of tobacco etc. Early detection of oral, potentially malignant disorders can reduce the risk of development into oral cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of oral, potentially malignant disorders among the adult population. The records were obtained through DIAS. This study included histopathological proven oral, potentially malignant disorder. The age, gender, smoking habits, systemic diseases, clinical sites of the oral potentially malignant disorders were noted. The mean age group of the patients who were involved in this study was 44.37. The prevalence of oral, potentially malignant disorders was higher in males [66.7%] compared to females [33.3%]. When assessed for the habits associated with the patients having oral potentially malignant disorders, the smokeless tobacco forms were higher in prevalence [31.1%]. 51.1% of the patients were found to be without any habits. The most common site involved was buccal mucosa [88.9%]. The systemic diseases were absent in most of the patients [82.2%]. The highest prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorder was found to be as Lichen planus of 33.3%. Within the limits of this study, the most common oral potentially malignant disorders were found to be Lichen planus according to this population studied. However, previous studies report that the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders differs among different populations.

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