scholarly journals Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders among adult population: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 671-679
Author(s):  
Meenapriya M ◽  
Deepika Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Oral potentially malignant disorders refer to both the precancerous lesions and precancerous conditions of the oral cavity. They possess the risk of cancer development in the oral cavity. Precancerous lesions and conditions are associated with various causative factors such as smoking, smokeless forms of tobacco etc. Early detection of oral, potentially malignant disorders can reduce the risk of development into oral cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of oral, potentially malignant disorders among the adult population. The records were obtained through DIAS. This study included histopathological proven oral, potentially malignant disorder. The age, gender, smoking habits, systemic diseases, clinical sites of the oral potentially malignant disorders were noted. The mean age group of the patients who were involved in this study was 44.37. The prevalence of oral, potentially malignant disorders was higher in males [66.7%] compared to females [33.3%]. When assessed for the habits associated with the patients having oral potentially malignant disorders, the smokeless tobacco forms were higher in prevalence [31.1%]. 51.1% of the patients were found to be without any habits. The most common site involved was buccal mucosa [88.9%]. The systemic diseases were absent in most of the patients [82.2%]. The highest prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorder was found to be as Lichen planus of 33.3%. Within the limits of this study, the most common oral potentially malignant disorders were found to be Lichen planus according to this population studied. However, previous studies report that the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders differs among different populations.

scholarly journals Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Kujan ◽  
Bede van Schaijik ◽  
Camile S. Farah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Cancers of the oral cavity cause significant cancer-related death worldwide. While survival rates have improved in recent years, new methods of treatment are being investigated to limit disease progression and to improve outcomes, particularly in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). The emerging treatment modality of immunotherapy targets immune checkpoint molecules including PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, and TIM-3 to enhance the host immune response against tumours, and to limit the growth and progression of cancer cells. In this systematic review, we searched five databases for keywords pertaining to oral cancers and OPMDs, along with immune checkpoint inhibitors, in order to summarize the current status of their use and efficacy in these diseases. A total of 644 different articles were identified between 2004 and 2019, with 76 deemed suitable for inclusion in the study, providing a total of 8826 samples. Combined results show expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the majority of OPMD and OSCC samples, with expression correlating with increased progression and decreased survival rates. Immunotherapy agents pembrolizumab and nivolumab target PD-1 and have been shown to prolong survival rates and improve disease outcomes, especially in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Despite the equivocal nature of current evidence, there is support for the prognostic and predictive value of immune checkpoint molecules, especially PD-L1, and many studies provide support for the effective use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the management of OSCC. Limited data is available for OPMD, therefore this should be the focus of future research.

Salivary biomarkers and its implication in tobacco users-A narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1751-1756
Author(s):  
Kavitha Muthu ◽  
Mohan Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarker ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Tobacco has been associated with diverse diseases on the mouth, oral potentially malignant disorders, oral cancer and systemic diseases/cancer. The prevalence of oral cancer is high with tobacco users. The local and systemic physiology is altered by tobacco-related chemicals/metabolites. These may reflect as biomarkers of tobacco use, and they also influence the level of different biomarkers. Saliva being the initial body fluid influenced by the presence of these biomarkers and possess additional advantage to monitor, diagnose or prevent tobacco-associated illness by assessing the same. This narrative review aims to emphasize the different salivary biomarker studies and their inference on tobacco users. Articles have been collected from a different search engine, and the results were assessed to highlight their importance on human health. These markers can be further validated as diagnosing and/or predicting markers in high-risk tobacco users. In addition, the recognized readily available non-invasive salivary markers would be a great source for patient education and promoting health awareness in such groups.

scholarly journals Oral HPV16 Prevalence in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cavity Cancers

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Dun Tang ◽  
Lilian Menezes ◽  
Kurt Baeten ◽  
Laurence J. Walsh ◽  
Bernard C. S. Whitfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
P16ink4a Expression ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Oral Cavity Carcinoma ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Oral Cavity Cancers ◽  
Hpv16 Infection

The role of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral cavity carcinoma (OC) is still under debate. We investigated HPV16 prevalence in unstimulated saliva, oral rinse samples, oral swabs and tumour biopsies collected from OPMD (n = 83) and OC (n = 106) patients. HPV16 genotype, viral load, physical status (episomal vs. integrated) and tumour p16INK4a expression were determined. Oral HPV16 prevalence was higher in OC than in OPMD, but this difference was not statistically significant (7.5% (8/106) versus 3.6% (3/83), odds ratio (OR): 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56, 8.48, p = 0.26). There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between oral HPV16 infection and heavy tobacco consumption. Real-time PCR results indicated that no integration events occurred in either OPMD or OC cases based on the HPV16 E2/E6 ratio. HPV16 positive OPMD and OC patients had similar HPV16 E2 and E6 viral loads. The inter-rater agreement between tumour p16INK4a expression and oral HPV16 infection was considered as fair (k = 0.361) for OC. Our data suggest that the involvement of HPV16 in oral carcinogenesis is limited.

scholarly journals Genetic and Proteinic Linkage of MAO and COMT with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Cancers of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3268
Author(s):  
Ping-Ho Chen ◽  
Yen-Yun Wang ◽  
Ting-Hsun Lan ◽  
Leong-Perng Chan ◽  
Shyng-Shiou Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Group I ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Betel quid (BQ), a group I human carcinogen, strongly contributes to an increased risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. This study was conducted to discover whether monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) variants play a potential role in the risk assessment of oral cavity and pharynx cancers and OPMD, particularly among BQ users. We applied a case–control study to confirm the polymorphism of MAO and COMT using single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We used qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine MAO and COMT expression. Carriers of the MAOA rs6323 G-allele, MAOB rs6324 G-allele, and COMT rs4633 C/C-genotype had a prominently increased risk of oral cavity and pharynx cancers (AOR = 56.99; p < 0.001). Compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues, a significant downregulation of MAO and COMT expression was exhibited in cancerous tissues (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in different cell models, MAO and COMT expression was significantly downregulated with an increased dose of arecoline (p < 0.01). In personalized preventive medicine for oral and pharyngeal cancers, our findings are the first to demonstrate the potential role of lower MAO and COMT expression levels, with the risk polymorphisms utilized as clinical biomarkers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document