scholarly journals Sustainability of novel water treatment technologies in developing countries: Lessons learned from research trials on a pilot continuous flow solar water disinfection system in rural Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Mac Mahon ◽  
Laurence W. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Rural Kenya

scholarly journals A new continuous-flow solar water disinfection system inactivating cysts of Acanthamoeba castellanii, and bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Beni Jequicene Mussengue Chaúque ◽  
Antônio Domingues Benetti ◽  
Gertrudes Corção ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandes Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

scholarly journals Calibrating an optimal condition model for solar water disinfection in peri-urban household water treatment in Kampala, Uganda

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Kenan Okurut ◽  
Eleanor Wozei ◽  
Robinah Kulabako ◽  
Lillian Nabasirye ◽  
Joel Kinobe
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Condition Model ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

In low income settlements where the quality of drinking water is highly contaminated due to poor hygienic practices at community and household levels, there is need for appropriate, simple, affordable and environmentally sustainable household water treatment technology. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) that utilizes both the thermal and ultra-violet effect of solar radiation to disinfect water can be used to treat small quantities of water at household level to improve its bacteriological quality for drinking purposes. This study investigated the efficacy of the SODIS treatment method in Uganda and determined the optimal condition for effective disinfection. Results of raw water samples from the study area showed deterioration in bacteriological quality of water moved from source to the household; from 3 to 36 cfu/100 mL for tap water and 75 to 126 cfu/100 mL for spring water, using thermotolerant coliforms (TTCs) as indicator microorganisms. SODIS experiments showed over 99.9% inactivation of TTCs in 6 h of exposure, with a threshold temperature of 39.5 ± 0.7°C at about 12:00 noon, in the sun during a clear sunny day. A mathematical optimal condition model for effective disinfection has been calibrated to predict the decline of the number of viable microorganisms over time.

scholarly journals SODIS potential: A novel parameter to assess the suitability of solar water disinfection worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 129889
Author(s):  
José Moreno-SanSegundo ◽  
Stefanos Giannakis ◽  
Sofia Samoili ◽  
Giulio Farinelli ◽  
Kevin G. McGuigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

scholarly journals Solar water disinfection in high-volume containers: Are naturally occurring substances attenuating factors of radiation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 399 ◽  
pp. 125852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela García-Gil ◽  
Rafael Valverde ◽  
Rafael A. García-Muñoz ◽  
Kevin G. McGuigan ◽  
Javier Marugán
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Excystation ofCryptosporidium parvumat temperatures that are reached during solar water disinfection

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GÓMEZ-COUSO ◽  
M. FONTÁN-SAINZ ◽  
J. FERNÁNDEZ-ALONSO ◽  
E. ARES-MAZÁS
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection ◽  
Notable Increase

SUMMARYSpecies belonging to the generaCryptosporidiumare recognized as waterborne pathogens. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a simple method that involves the use of solar radiation to destroy pathogenic microorganisms that cause waterborne diseases. A notable increase in water temperature and the existence of a large number of empty or partially excysted (i.e. unviable) oocysts have been observed in previous SODIS studies with water experimentally contaminated withCryptosporidium parvumoocysts under field conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the temperatures that can be reached during exposure of water samples to natural sunlight (37–50°C), on the excystation ofC. parvumin the absence of other stimuli. In samples exposed to 40–48°C, a gradual increase in the percentage of excystation was observed as the time of exposure increased and a maximum of 53·81% of excystation was obtained on exposure of the water to a temperature of 46°C for 12 h (versus8·80% initial isolate). Under such conditions, the oocyst infectivity evaluated in a neonatal murine model decreased statistically with respect to the initial isolate (19·38%versus100%). The results demonstrate the important effect of the temperature on the excystation ofC. parvumand therefore on its viability and infectivity.

scholarly journals In vitro toxicity studies of novel solar water disinfection reactors using the E-screen bioassay and the Ames test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Ozores Diez ◽  
M. Inmaculada Polo-López ◽  
Azahara Martínez-García ◽  
Monique Waso ◽  
Brandon Reyneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Abstract Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a cost-effective point of use method for disinfecting water, usually in a 2 L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottle. To increase the volume of water disinfected, three novel transparent reactors were developed using PET in 25 L transparent jerrycans, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in tubular solar reactors capable of delivering >20 L of water and polypropylene (PP) in 20 L buckets. In vitro bioassays were used to investigate any toxic substances leached from the plastic reactors into disinfected water as a result of exposure to sunshine for up to 9 months. The Ames test was used to test for mutagenicity and the E-screen bioassay to test for estrogenicity. No mutagenicity was detected in any sample and no estrogenicity was found in the SODIS treated water produced by the PMMA reactors or the PP buckets. While water disinfected using the PET reactors showed no estrogenicity following exposure to the sun for 3 and 6 months, estrogenicity was detected following 9 months' exposure to sunlight; however levels detected were within the acceptable daily intake for 17β-estradiol (E2) of up to 50 ng/kg body weight/day.

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