scholarly journals Calibrating an optimal condition model for solar water disinfection in peri-urban household water treatment in Kampala, Uganda

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Kenan Okurut ◽  
Eleanor Wozei ◽  
Robinah Kulabako ◽  
Lillian Nabasirye ◽  
Joel Kinobe
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Condition Model ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

In low income settlements where the quality of drinking water is highly contaminated due to poor hygienic practices at community and household levels, there is need for appropriate, simple, affordable and environmentally sustainable household water treatment technology. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) that utilizes both the thermal and ultra-violet effect of solar radiation to disinfect water can be used to treat small quantities of water at household level to improve its bacteriological quality for drinking purposes. This study investigated the efficacy of the SODIS treatment method in Uganda and determined the optimal condition for effective disinfection. Results of raw water samples from the study area showed deterioration in bacteriological quality of water moved from source to the household; from 3 to 36 cfu/100 mL for tap water and 75 to 126 cfu/100 mL for spring water, using thermotolerant coliforms (TTCs) as indicator microorganisms. SODIS experiments showed over 99.9% inactivation of TTCs in 6 h of exposure, with a threshold temperature of 39.5 ± 0.7°C at about 12:00 noon, in the sun during a clear sunny day. A mathematical optimal condition model for effective disinfection has been calibrated to predict the decline of the number of viable microorganisms over time.

UV Meter for Testing Quality of Water treated by a Solar Water Disinfection System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Urquizo ◽  
Christa Cook ◽  
Wesley Shugart-Schmidt ◽  
Viviana Villavicencio ◽  
Pritpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

scholarly journals Evaluation of an alternative household water treatment system based on slow filtration and solar disinfection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Otávio Rosa e Silva ◽  
Helen Oliveira Loureiro ◽  
Laura Guimarães Soares ◽  
Laura Hamdan de Andrade ◽  
Rana Gabriela Lacerda Santos
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection ◽  
Slow Filtration

Abstract Drinking water consumption is essential to maintain a good quality of life, but it is not available for all communities. Therefore, this work aimed to develop an alternative and accessible process for water treatment, based on filtration and solar disinfection, and evaluate it in both bench and pilot scales. The construction cost of the system was estimated and compared with other available options so that its economic viability could be discussed. For this purpose, water from a stream was collected and analyzed. A filter made of PVC tubes, sand, and gravel was built, acting, respectively, as a column, filtering medium, and support layer. As for the disinfection process, the SODIS (Solar Water Disinfection) methodology was adopted. The water was exposed to the sun, and the best exposure time was determined based on the analysis of total coliforms and E. coli. Finally, a prototype was built for a flow rate of 37.5 L d−1, consisting of two filters operating at a filtration rate of 2.38 m3 m−2 d−1. About 97% turbidity removal was obtained, as well as 99.9% for total coliforms and 99.1% for E. coli. It is estimated that the cost of building a water treatment system for one person is approximately USD 29.00.

Current practices in manufacturing locally-made ceramic pot filters for water treatment in developing countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Rayner ◽  
Brian Skinner ◽  
Daniele Lantagne
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Control Procedures

Locally produced ceramic pot filters have been shown to improve the microbiological quality of household drinking water and reduce the burden of diarrheal disease in users. They are considered one of the most promising household water treatment methods. However, overarching manufacturing and quality control guidelines do not exist for the 35 decentralized filter factories in 18 countries that currently produce filters. In this study, we conducted manufacturing process surveys with 25 filter factories worldwide to document production methods and identify areas where manufacturing and quality control guidelines are needed. Our results show that manufacturing processes vary widely both between and within factories, including the consistency of materials, manufacturing methods, and quality control practices. These variations pose concerns about the consistency and quality of locally produced filters in the absence of standardized quality control procedures. We propose areas where manufacturing guidelines are needed to assist factories in producing consistently high quality filters, and identify topics where further research is needed to refine manufacturing recommendations. These results guided the development of a best practice manual that described consensus-based recommendations to advance consistent, quality-controlled filter production world-wide.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Effect of Household Water Treatment Plants on the Drinking Water Quality of Ilam City

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heshmatollah Nourmoradi ◽  
Neda Karami ◽  
Soraya Karami ◽  
Sajad Mazloomi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Household Water
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