Cigarette smoking and albuminuria are associated with impaired arterial smooth muscle function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a FIELD substudy

Alcohol is consumed in almost all countries worldwide. Heavy drinking can reduce the body’s sensitivity to insulin, which can trigger type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes can complicate chronic pancreatitis, which is overwhelmingly caused by heavy alcohol drinking. Alcohol is also high in calories, with heavy drinkers liable to obesity and a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Similarly, cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among both middle-aged and elderly men and women. Nigeria is one of the three largest tobacco markets in Africa with a population of almost 13 million smokers. Northeast Nigeria ranks 3rd among the six geopolitical zones, with a smoking rate of 6.1%. In this study, we evaluated the risks of diabetes mellitus associated with alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in Gombe State, Northeast Nigeria. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in a two-stage cluster sampling scheme based on existing administrative divisions. Study subjects were males and females aged 16 years and older who resided in the Jekadafari Ward of Gombe Metropolis. Subjects were excluded from this study if they were less than 16 years of age, pregnant women or suffered chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease or chronic lung diseases based on clinical history and laboratory results. The calculated sample size was 1600 based on a 3.1% prevalence rate of DM, with a power of 85% and precision of 5%. We obtained complete data on 1302 subjects, of whom 50 (3.8%) had DM. (5.1% in males and 2.86% in females). Alcohol use was prevalent among 365 (28.03%) subjects, and was higher in males (49.4%) compared to females (11.4%). The risk of DM was significantly higher among alcoholusers compared to non-users, with an odds ratio of 4.1 (95%CI: 2.3- 7.3; P=0.0001). Eighty-eight subjects were cigarette smokers, of whom 87 were males and only one was female. We found no significant association between cigarette smoking and DM (OR=0.34, 95%CI 0.05-2.48; P=0.29). The overall prevalence of DM was 3.9%. Alcohol consumption, but not cigarette smoking, was associated with a higher risk of DM in this study.

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Aquatic Exercise Is Effective in Improving Exercise Performance in Patients with Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/349209 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Cider Åsa ◽

Schaufelberger Maria ◽

Stibrant Sunnerhagen Katharina ◽

Andersson Bert

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Training Group ◽

Aquatic Exercise ◽

Control Group ◽

Walking Capacity

Background. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and muscle function are more decreased in patients with a combination of chronic heart failure (CHF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (2DM) compared to patients with only one of the conditions. Further, patients with 2DM have peripheral complications that hamper many types of conventional exercises.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and applicability of eight-week aquatic exercise in patients with the combination of CHF and 2DM.Methods. Twenty patients (four women) with both CHF and 2DM (age67.4±7.1, NYHA II-III) were randomly assigned to either aquatic exercise or a control group. The patients exercised for 45 minutes 3 times/week in 33–34°C, swimming pool.Results. The training programme was well tolerated. Work rate (+11.7±6.6versus−6.4±8.1 watt,P<0.001) andVO2peak(+2.1±0.8versus−0.9±1.4mL⋅kg−1⋅min−1,P<0.001) and walking capacity (P=0.01) increased significantly in the training group. Muscle function was also significantly improved and Hba1c decreased significantly (P<0.01) during training, while fasting glucose, insulin, c-peptide, and lipids were unchanged . Training also increased vitality measured by SF-36 significantly (P=0.05).Conclusion. Aquatic exercise could be used to improve exercise capacity and muscle function in patients with the combination of CHF and 2DM.

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The Relative Benefits of Endurance and Strength Training on the Metabolic Factors and Muscle Function of People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1016/j.apmr.2005.01.007 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 86 (8) ◽

pp. 1527-1533 ◽

Cited By ~ 182

Author(s):

Edmund Cauza ◽

Ursula Hanusch-Enserer ◽

Barbara Strasser ◽

Bernhard Ludvik ◽

Sylvia Metz-Schimmerl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Strength Training ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Metabolic Factors

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H2O2 increases production of constrictor prostaglandins in smooth muscle leading to enhanced arteriolar tone in Type 2 diabetic mice

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00596.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 292 (1) ◽

pp. H649-H656 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Nóra Erdei ◽

Zsolt Bagi ◽

István Édes ◽

Gabor Kaley ◽

Akos Koller

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Tp Receptor ◽

Basal Tone ◽

Prostaglandin H ◽

Arteriolar Tone

Our previous study showed that arteriolar tone is enhanced in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2-DM) due to an increased level of constrictor prostaglandins. We hypothesized that, in mice with T2-DM, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is involved in the increased synthesis of constrictor prostaglandins, hence enhanced basal tone in skeletal muscle arterioles. Isolated, pressurized gracilis muscle arterioles (∼100 μm in diameter) of mice with T2-DM (C57BL/KsJ- db−/ db−) exhibited greater basal tone to increases in intraluminal pressure (20–120 mmHg) than that of control vessels (at 80 mmHg, control: 25 ± 5%; db/ db: 34 ± 4%, P < 0.05), which was reduced back to control level by catalase ( db/ db: 24 ± 4%). Correspondingly, in carotid arteries of db/ db mice, the level of dichlorofluorescein-detectable and catalase-sensitive H2O2 was significantly greater. In control arterioles, exogenous H2O2 (0.1–100 μmol/l) elicited dilations (maximum, 58 ± 10%), whereas in arterioles of db/ db mice H2O2 caused constrictions (−28 ± 8%), which were converted to dilations (maximum, 16 ± 5%) by the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 (TP) receptor antagonist SQ-29548. In addition, arteriolar constrictions in response to the TP receptor agonist U-46619 were not different between the two groups of vessels. Endothelium denudation did not significantly affect basal tone and H2O2-induced arteriolar responses in either control or db/ db mice. Also, in arterioles of db/ db mice, but not in controls, 3-nitrotyrosine staining was detected in the endothelial layer of vessels. Thus we propose that, in mice with T2-DM, arteriolar production of H2O2 is enhanced, which leads to increased synthesis of the constrictor prostaglandins thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 in the smooth muscle cells, which enhance basal arteriolar tone. These alterations may contribute to disturbed regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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