Insulin, IGF-I, and muscle MAPK pathway responses after sustained exercise and their contribution to growth and lipid metabolism regulation in gilthead sea bream

This study aimed to highlight the relationship between diet, animal performance and mucosal adherent gut microbiota (anterior intestine) in fish fed plant-based diets supplemented with an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) with antioxidant and anti-obesogenic activity in obese rats. The feeding trial with juveniles of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) lasted 8 weeks. Fish were fed near to visual satiety with a fish meal (FM)/fish oil (FO) based diet (CTRL) or a plant-based diet with/without EWH supplementation. Specific growth rate decreased gradually from 2.16% in CTRL fish to 1.88% in EWH fish due to a reduced feed intake, and a slight impairment of feed conversion ratio. Plant-based diets feeding triggered a hyperplasic inflammation of the anterior intestine regardless of EWH supplementation. However, EWH ameliorated the goblet cell depletion, and the hepatic and intestinal lipid accumulation induced by FM/FO replacement. Illumina sequencing of gut mucosal microbiota yielded a mean of 136,252 reads per sample assigned to 2,117 OTUs at 97% identity threshold. The bacterial diversity was similar in all groups, but a significantly lower richness was found in EWH fish. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria reached the highest proportion in CTRL and EWH fish, whereas Firmicutes were decreased and Actinobacteria increased with the FM/FO replacement. The proportion of Actinobacteria was restored by dietary EWH supplementation, which also triggered a highest amount of Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes. At a closer look, a widespread presence of Lactobacillales among groups was found. Otherwise, polysaccharide hydrolases secretors represented by Corynebacterium and Nocardioides were increased by the FM/FO replacement, whereas the mucin-degrading Streptococcus was only raised in fish fed the plant-based diet without EWH. In addition, in EWH fish, a higher abundance of Propionibacterium was related to an increased concentration of intestinal propionate. The antagonism of gut health-promoting propionate with cholesterol could explain the inferred underrepresentation of primary bile acid biosynthesis and steroid degradation pathways in the EWH fish microbiota. Altogether, these results reinforce the central role of gut microbiota in the regulation of host metabolism and lipid metabolism in particular, suggesting a role of the bioactive EWH peptides as an anti-obesity and/or satiety factor in fish.

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Changes in expression of microRNA potentially targeting key regulators of lipid metabolism in primary gilthead sea bream hepatocytes exposed to phthalates or flame retardants

Aquatic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 209 ◽

pp. 81-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Paolo Cocci ◽

Gilberto Mosconi ◽

Francesco Alessandro Palermo

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream

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Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by dietary carbohydrate levels and lipid sources in gilthead sea bream juveniles

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451600163x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 116 (1) ◽

pp. 19-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Carolina Castro ◽

Geneviève Corraze ◽

Alexandre Firmino-Diógenes ◽

Laurence Larroquet ◽

Stéphane Panserat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Plasma Phospholipid ◽

Carbohydrate Intake ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Pufa Biosynthesis

AbstractThe long-term effects on growth performance, body composition, plasma metabolites, liver and intestine glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed in gilthead sea bream juveniles fed diets without carbohydrates (CH–) or carbohydrate-enriched (20 % gelatinised starch, CH+) combined with two lipid sources (fish oil; or vegetable oil (VO)). No differences in growth performance among treatments were observed. Carbohydrate intake was associated with increased hepatic transcripts of glucokinase but not of 6-phosphofructokinase. Expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was down-regulated by carbohydrate intake, whereas, unexpectedly, glucose 6-phosphatase was up-regulated. Lipogenic enzyme activities (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase) and ∆6 fatty acyl desaturase (FADS2) transcripts were increased in liver of fish fed CH+ diets, supporting an enhanced potential for lipogenesis and long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis. Despite the lower hepatic cholesterol content in CH+ groups, no influence on the expression of genes related to cholesterol efflux (ATP-binding cassette G5) and biosynthesis (lanosterol 14α-demethylase, cytochrome P450 51 cytochrome P450 51 (CYP51A1); 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase) was recorded at the hepatic level. At the intestinal level, however, induction of CYP51A1 transcripts by carbohydrate intake was recorded. Dietary VO led to decreased plasma phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations but not on the transcripts of proteins involved in phospholipid biosynthesis (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase) and cholesterol metabolism at intestinal and hepatic levels. Hepatic and muscular fatty acid profiles reflected that of diets, despite the up-regulation ofFADS2transcripts. Overall, this study demonstrated that dietary carbohydrates mainly affected carbohydrate metabolism, lipogenesis and LC-PUFA biosynthesis, whereas effects of dietary lipid source were mostly related with tissue fatty acid composition, plasma phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations, and LC-PUFA biosynthesis regulation. Interactions between dietary macronutrients induced modifications in tissue lipid and glycogen content.

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Effects of different dietary vegetable oils on growth and intestinal performance, lipid metabolism and flesh quality in gilthead sea bream

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734881 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 519 ◽

pp. 734881 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Sánchez-Moya ◽

I. García-Meilán ◽

N. Riera-Heredia ◽

E.J. Vélez ◽

E. Lutfi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Flesh Quality

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IGF-I and IGF-II effects on local IGF system and signaling pathways in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) cultured myocytes

General and Comparative Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.11.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 232 ◽

pp. 7-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Sheida Azizi ◽

Mohammad Ali Nematollahi ◽

Bagher Mojazi Amiri ◽

Emilio J. Vélez ◽

Cristina Salmerón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Igf System ◽

Igf I

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Alterations in lipid metabolism and use of energy depots of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) at low temperatures

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.11.008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 262 (2-4) ◽

pp. 470-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

A. Ibarz ◽

M. Beltrán ◽

J. Fernández-Borràs ◽

M.A. Gallardo ◽

J. Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream

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IGF-I and amino acids effects through TOR signaling on proliferation and differentiation of gilthead sea bream cultured myocytes

General and Comparative Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.05.024 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 205 ◽

pp. 296-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Emilio J. Vélez ◽

Esmail Lutfi ◽

Vanesa Jiménez-Amilburu ◽

Miquel Riera-Codina ◽

Encarnación Capilla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Tor Signaling ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Igf I

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Teleost fish larvae adapt to dietary arachidonic acid supply through modulation of the expression of lipid metabolism and stress response genes

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511006143 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 108 (5) ◽

pp. 864-874 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Dulce Alves Martins ◽

Filipa Rocha ◽

Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez ◽

Gordon Bell ◽

Sofia Morais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Stress Response ◽

Dietary Fatty Acid ◽

Phospholipase A ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Wide Range

Dietary fatty acid supply can affect stress response in fish during early development. Although knowledge on the mechanisms involved in fatty acid regulation of stress tolerance is scarce, it has often been hypothesised that eicosanoid profiles can influence cortisol production. Genomic cortisol actions are mediated by cytosolic receptors which may respond to cellular fatty acid signalling. An experiment was designed to test the effects of feeding gilthead sea-bream larvae with four microdiets, containing graded arachidonic acid (ARA) levels (0·4, 0·8, 1·5 and 3·0 %), on the expression of genes involved in stress response (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, glucocorticoid receptor and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), lipid and, particularly, eicosanoid metabolism (hormone-sensitive lipase, PPARα, phospholipase A2, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase), as determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Fish fatty acid phenotypes reflected dietary fatty acid profiles. Growth performance, survival after acute stress and similar whole-body basal cortisol levels suggested that sea-bream larvae could tolerate a wide range of dietary ARA levels. Transcription of all genes analysed was significantly reduced at dietary ARA levels above 0·4 %. Nonetheless, despite practical suppression of phospholipase A2 transcription, higher leukotriene B4 levels were detected in larvae fed 3·0 % ARA, whereas a similar trend was observed regarding PGE2 production. The present study demonstrates that adaptation to a wide range of dietary ARA levels in gilthead sea-bream larvae involves the modulation of the expression of genes related to eicosanoid synthesis, lipid metabolism and stress response. The roles of ARA, other polyunsaturates and eicosanoids as signals in this process are discussed.

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