The Role of the IGF System in Mammary Physiology of Ruminants

2022 ◽  
pp. 106709
Author(s):  
Wendie S. Cohick
Keyword(s):  
Igf System

scholarly journals PAPP-A and the IGF system in atherosclerosis: what’s up, what’s down?

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (5) ◽  
pp. H1039-H1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasse B. Steffensen ◽  
Cheryl A. Conover ◽  
Claus Oxvig
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Established Role

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a metalloproteinase with a well-established role in releasing bioactive insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from IGF-binding protein-2, -4, and -5 by proteolytic processing of these. The IGF system has repeatedly been suggested to be involved in the pathology of atherosclerosis, and both PAPP-A and IGF-1 are proposed biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this disease. Several experimental approaches based on atherosclerosis mouse models have been undertaken to obtain causative and mechanistic insight to the role of these molecules in atherogenesis. However, reports seem conflicting. The literature suggests that PAPP-A is detrimental, while IGF-1 is beneficial. This raises important questions that need to be addressed. Here we summarize the various studies and discuss potential underlying explanations for this seemingly inconsistency with the objective of better understanding complexities and limitations when manipulating the IGF system in mouse models of atherosclerosis. A debate clarifying what’s up and what’s down is highly warranted going forward with the ultimate goal of improving atherosclerosis therapy by targeting the IGF system.

scholarly journals The Role of Metabolic Factors in Renal Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7246
Author(s):  
Jacek Rysz ◽  
Beata Franczyk ◽  
Janusz Ławiński ◽  
Robert Olszewski ◽  
Anna Gluba-Brzózka
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Low Body Mass Index ◽  
The Impact

An increasing number of evidence indicates that metabolic factors may play an important role in the development and progression of certain types of cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This tumour is the most common kidney cancer which accounts for approximately 3–5% of malignant tumours in adults. Numerous studies indicated that concomitant diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension, as well as obesity, insulin resistance, and lipid disorders, may also influence the prognosis and cancer-specific overall survival. However, the results of studies concerning the impact of metabolic factors on RCC are controversial. It appears that obesity increases the risk of RCC development; however, it may be a favourable factor in terms of prognosis. Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance and the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T) since the adipocytes in visceral tissue secrete substances responsible for insulin resistance, e.g., free fatty acids. Interactions between insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system appear to be of key importance in the development and progression of RCC; however, the exact role of insulin and IGFs in RCC pathophysiology remains elusive. Studies indicated that diabetes increased the risk of RCC, but it might not alter cancer-related survival. The risk associated with a lipid profile is most mysterious, as numerous studies provided conflicting results. Even though large studies unravelling pathomechanisms involved in cancer growth are required to finally establish the impact of metabolic factors on the development, progression, and prognosis of renal cancers, it seems that the monitoring of health conditions, such as diabetes, low body mass index (BMI), and lipid disorders is of high importance in clear-cell RCC.

The Role Of IGF System In Lymphocytes Activation

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gila Idelman ◽  
Adriana De Siervi ◽  
Cynthia M Haggerty ◽  
Idalia Montano ◽  
Dennis D Taub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Igf System

Asphyxial brain injury—the role of the IGF system

1998 ◽  
Vol 140 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Gluckman ◽  
J. Guan ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
A. Scheepens ◽  
R. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Igf System

scholarly journals Role of insulin and the IGF system in renal hypertrophy in diabetic Psammomys obesus (sand rat)

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1293-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Raz ◽  
I. Wexler ◽  
O. Weiss ◽  
A. Flyvbjerg ◽  
Y. Segev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psammomys Obesus ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Sand Rat ◽  
Igf System

P-81 A possible role of IGF system in the abnormal bone formation in achondroplastic subjects

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. S50-S51
Author(s):  
C. Palermo ◽  
E. Di Battista ◽  
E. Canepa ◽  
M. Arvigo ◽  
S. Queirolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Igf System

scholarly journals Overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor in human pheochromocytomas

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fottner ◽  
Timo Minnemann ◽  
Sarah Kalmbach ◽  
Matthias M Weber
Keyword(s):  
Scatchard Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In order to determine the role of the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in human pheochromocytomas we have compared the expression of the IGF-IR in normal tissues and in pheochromocytomas with regard to the IGF-IR mRNA levels and ligand binding. By semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the mRNA of the IGF-IR could be detected in all samples of normal adrenomedullary cells (n=13) and pheochromocytomas (n=16). However, pheochromocytomas exhibited 2.8-fold higher mean IGF-IR mRNA levels than normal adrenomedullary cells (2.8±0.5×105 molecules/μg RNA vs 7.8±1.2×105 molecules/μg RNA; P < 0.001). This overexpression of the IGF-IR in pheochromocytomas could be confirmed at the protein level by binding studies. Radioligand assays and Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of high affinity IGF-IR binding sites with a similar dissociation constant (Kd: 0.32±0.1 nmol/l vs 0.22±0.08 nmol/l) for both normal adrenomedullary cells and pheochromocytomas. However, specific 125I-labeled IGF-I binding and the calculated receptor concentration were significantly elevated in pheochromocytomas as compared with normal adrenomedullary cells (58.3±5 vs 24.3±12 nmol/kg protein; P < 0.05). In summary, our results demonstrate significant overexpression of the IGF-IR in human pheochromocytomas. This suggests a possible role of the IGF system in the pathogenesis of adrenal neoplasia and thus IGF-IR may be a target for future therapeutic approaches.

Electroacupuncture Promotes Insulin-Like Growth Factors System in Ovariectomized Osteoporosis Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 889-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Feng ◽  
Huagang Lin ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Lierong Li ◽  
Xuping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Thigh Bone ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (PMOP) is induced by the deficiency of estrogen in postmenopausal women. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been confirmed to be effective in clinic. We adopted ovariectomized osteoporosis model of rats to observe the role of EA in PMOP. Fifty female SD rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: intact (INT, n = 10), sham operation (Sham, n = 10), model ( n = 10), estrogen (E, n = 10) and electroacupuncture (EA, n = 10). The bone mineral content (BMC) and the bone mineral density (BMD) were examined in lumbar1–6 and right thigh-bone, respectively, and estrodiol (E2), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGF-BPs) were tested by RIA or ELISA. The results showed that BMC and BMD of lumbar 1–6 and right thigh-bone in PMOP model rats decreased markedly, while the level of serum E2, IGF-I and IGF-BP1 were lower than in INT and Sham. However, EA could upgrade the contents of IGF-I and IGF-BP1 to increase BMD in PMOP rats, while no significant difference was seen in E group. Therefore, EA may promote IGF system to improve PMOP.

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