scholarly journals Role of insulin and the IGF system in renal hypertrophy in diabetic Psammomys obesus (sand rat)

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1293-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Raz ◽  
I. Wexler ◽  
O. Weiss ◽  
A. Flyvbjerg ◽  
Y. Segev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psammomys Obesus ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Sand Rat ◽  
Igf System

scholarly journals Role of endocannabinoid CB1 receptors in Streptozotocin-induced uninephrectomised Wistar rats in diabetic nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayarami Reddy Medapati ◽  
Deepthi Rapaka ◽  
Veera Raghavulu Bitra ◽  
Santhosh Kumar Ranajit ◽  
Girija Sankar Guntuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cb1 Receptors ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

Abstract Background The endocannabinoid CB1 receptor is known to have protective effects in kidney disease. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential agonistic and antagonistic actions and to determine the renoprotective potential of CB1 receptors in diabetic nephropathy. The present work investigates the possible role of CB1 receptors in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced nephropathy. Streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg, i.p., once) is administered to uninephrectomised rats for induction of experimental diabetes mellitus. The CB1 agonist (oleamide) and CB1 antagonist (AM6545) treatment were initiated in diabetic rats after 1 week of STZ administration and were given for 24 weeks. Results The progress in diabetic nephropathy is estimated biochemically by measuring serum creatinine (1.28±0.03) (p < 0.005), blood urea nitrogen (67.6± 2.10) (p < 0.001), urinary microprotein (74.62± 3.47) (p < 0.005) and urinary albuminuria (28.31±1.17) (p < 0.0001). Renal inflammation was assessed by estimating serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (75.69±1.51) (p < 0.001) and transforming growth factor beta (8.73±0.31) (p < 0.001). Renal morphological changes were assessed by estimating renal hypertrophy (7.38± 0.26) (p < 0.005) and renal collagen content (10.42± 0.48) (p < 0.001). Conclusions From the above findings, it can be said that diabetes-induced nephropathy may be associated with overexpression of CB1 receptors and blockade of CB1 receptors might be beneficial in ameliorating the diabetes-induced nephropathy. Graphical abstract

Studies on the "labile-bound" glucose compartment in erythrocytes: studies on Psammomys obesus (sand rat) and preliminary studies on human erythrocytes.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1219-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Halperin ◽  
J H Adler
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Psammomys Obesus ◽  
Sand Rat ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Fast Kinetic ◽  
Fluid Compartments

Abstract Enzymatic (glucose oxidase) measurement of glucose concentration in the fluid compartment of Psammomys erythrocytes (Gfe) and of its concentration in the fluid compartment of blood plasma (Gfp) gives the ratio (mean +/- SD): Gfe/Gfp = 1.50 +/- 0.43 (n = 12, 23 degrees C). However, when we added 3H-labeled glucose (G*) in vitro to the whole blood, the ratio after 2 min was G*fe/G*fp = 0.90 (SD 0.11) and after 5 min G*fe/G*fp = 0.97 (SD 0.12). These calculations were based on previous determination of the fractional volumes of the fluid and non-fluid compartments in Psammomys blood. The results suggest that there is more than one compartment of measurable glucose in Psammomys erythrocytes. Glucose undergoes a fast free transfer between the plasma and the erythrocyte fluids, and a much slower transmission to another measurable compartment in the erythrocyte, where it is loosely bound to other molecules. This loosely bound glucose does not participate in the fast kinetic transmission across the erythrocyte membrane, but it is measurable by the glucose-oxidase-based method. Preliminary studies on human erythrocytes lead to similar conclusions.

scholarly journals PAPP-A and the IGF system in atherosclerosis: what’s up, what’s down?

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (5) ◽  
pp. H1039-H1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasse B. Steffensen ◽  
Cheryl A. Conover ◽  
Claus Oxvig
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Established Role

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a metalloproteinase with a well-established role in releasing bioactive insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from IGF-binding protein-2, -4, and -5 by proteolytic processing of these. The IGF system has repeatedly been suggested to be involved in the pathology of atherosclerosis, and both PAPP-A and IGF-1 are proposed biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this disease. Several experimental approaches based on atherosclerosis mouse models have been undertaken to obtain causative and mechanistic insight to the role of these molecules in atherogenesis. However, reports seem conflicting. The literature suggests that PAPP-A is detrimental, while IGF-1 is beneficial. This raises important questions that need to be addressed. Here we summarize the various studies and discuss potential underlying explanations for this seemingly inconsistency with the objective of better understanding complexities and limitations when manipulating the IGF system in mouse models of atherosclerosis. A debate clarifying what’s up and what’s down is highly warranted going forward with the ultimate goal of improving atherosclerosis therapy by targeting the IGF system.

scholarly journals Establishment of an albino sand rat (Psammomys obesus) colony and comparison with the natural coloured animal

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Y. Shaham ◽  
J. Lelyveld ◽  
U. Marder ◽  
H. Mendelssohn ◽  
G. Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Psammomys Obesus ◽  
Sand Rat ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Laboratory Colony

The lifespan and fertility of albino sand rats were found to be severely reduced in comparison with a laboratory colony of brown sand rats. The albinos were also much more susceptible to diabetes, as judged by their glucose tolerance. In fact, untreated albinos had a higher incidence of diabetic response than coloured sand rats fed a diabetogenic diet. The albino sand rats reproduced poorly because of a reduction in male fertility. Circulating testosterone levels and seminal vesicle weights were reduced in the albinos. It is speculated that the reduction in reproductive capacity is related to diabetes.

scholarly journals The Role of Metabolic Factors in Renal Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7246
Author(s):  
Jacek Rysz ◽  
Beata Franczyk ◽  
Janusz Ławiński ◽  
Robert Olszewski ◽  
Anna Gluba-Brzózka
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Low Body Mass Index ◽  
The Impact

An increasing number of evidence indicates that metabolic factors may play an important role in the development and progression of certain types of cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This tumour is the most common kidney cancer which accounts for approximately 3–5% of malignant tumours in adults. Numerous studies indicated that concomitant diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension, as well as obesity, insulin resistance, and lipid disorders, may also influence the prognosis and cancer-specific overall survival. However, the results of studies concerning the impact of metabolic factors on RCC are controversial. It appears that obesity increases the risk of RCC development; however, it may be a favourable factor in terms of prognosis. Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance and the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T) since the adipocytes in visceral tissue secrete substances responsible for insulin resistance, e.g., free fatty acids. Interactions between insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system appear to be of key importance in the development and progression of RCC; however, the exact role of insulin and IGFs in RCC pathophysiology remains elusive. Studies indicated that diabetes increased the risk of RCC, but it might not alter cancer-related survival. The risk associated with a lipid profile is most mysterious, as numerous studies provided conflicting results. Even though large studies unravelling pathomechanisms involved in cancer growth are required to finally establish the impact of metabolic factors on the development, progression, and prognosis of renal cancers, it seems that the monitoring of health conditions, such as diabetes, low body mass index (BMI), and lipid disorders is of high importance in clear-cell RCC.

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