Chronic childhood adversity and stages of substance use involvement in adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Benjet ◽  
Guilherme Borges ◽  
María Elena Medina-Mora ◽  
Enrique Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Chronic Childhood

scholarly journals Sensitive periods for the effect of childhood interpersonal violence on psychiatric disorder onset among adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Dunn ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jenny Tse ◽  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Garrett Fitzmaurice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitive Periods

BackgroundAlthough childhood adversity is a strong determinant of psychopathology, it remains unclear whether there are ‘sensitive periods’ when a first episode of adversity is most harmful.AimsTo examine whether variation in the developmental timing of a first episode of interpersonal violence (up to age 18) associates with risk for psychopathology.MethodUsing cross-sectional data, we examined the association between age at first exposure to four types of interpersonal violence (physical abuse by parents, physical abuse by others, rape, and sexual assault/molestation) and onset of four classes of DSM-IV disorders (distress, fear, behaviour, substance use) (n=9984). Age at exposure was defined as: early childhood (ages 0–5), middle childhood (ages 6–10) and adolescence (ages 11–18).ResultsExposure to interpersonal violence at any age period about doubled the risk of a psychiatric disorder (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.51–2.52). However, few differences in risk were observed based on the timing of first exposure. After conducting 20 tests of association, only three significant differences in risk were observed based on the timing of exposure; these results suggested an elevated risk of behaviour disorder among youth first exposed to any type of interpersonal violence during adolescence (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.69–3.34), especially being beaten by another person (OR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.57–3.79), and an elevated risk of substance use disorder among youth beaten by someone during adolescence (OR=2.77, 95% CI 1.94–3.96).ConclusionsChildren exposed to interpersonal violence had an elevated risk of psychiatric disorder. However, age at first episode of exposure was largely unassociated with psychopathology risk.

Recovery from mental illness versus substance use disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Corrigan ◽  
Sang Qin ◽  
Larry Davidson ◽  
Georg Schomerus ◽  
Valery Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Beliefs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Online Panel ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Scale Yielding

Purpose While serious mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorders (SUD) are common, less research has focused on causal beliefs across conditions. This is an important question when trying to understand the experience of dual diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to examine how three factors representing causal beliefs (biogenetic, psychosocial or childhood adversity) differ by SMI and SUD. This study also examined how causal beliefs were associated with overall, process and outcome beliefs about recovery. Design/methodology/approach Using Mechanical Turks online panel, 195 research participants from the general public completed measures of recovery – overall, outcome and process – for SMI and SUD. Participants also completed the Causal Beliefs Scale yielding three causal factors for SMI and separately for SUD: biogenetic, psychosocial and childhood adversity. Findings Results indicated participants endorsed biogenetic cause more for SMI and SUD. Moreover, research participants endorsed biogenetic causes more than the other two for SMI. Results also showed the psychosocial cause was positively associated with recovery for SMI. Biogenetic causes were not. Almost none of the causal indicators was significantly associated with recovery for SUD. Originality/value Implications of these findings for future research and public efforts to enhance attitudes about recovery are discussed.

scholarly journals Identifying Targets for Substance Use Prevention in Young People Exposed to Childhood Adversity: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda Rachel Grummitt ◽  
Erin Veronica Kelly ◽  
Emma Louise Barrett ◽  
Katherine M Keyes ◽  
Nicola Clare Newton
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences are prevalent robust risk factors for the development of substance use problems. However, less is known about the causal mechanisms that explain these relationships. While directly preventing adverse childhood experiences is ideal, it is not always possible. In such cases, the mechanisms themselves may be amenable to intervention, allowing for the effective prevention of problematic substance use among children exposed to adversity. Identifying such mechanisms is therefore a critical step for efforts aiming to reduce the high individual and societal burdens associated with substance use globally. OBJECTIVE This study aims to systematically identify and synthesize evidence on the modifiable mediators and moderators of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes in young people (age 10-24 years). METHODS A systematic review will be conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases to determine the modifiable mediators and moderators of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance use in young people. Data from the review will be qualitatively synthesized, unless we identify a sufficient number of studies (at least five) that examine the same type of adversity (eg, physical or sexual abuse) and the same mediator/moderator, in which case a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) will be conducted. If a quantitative synthesis is warranted, standardized effect estimates of the indirect (mediated) effect between adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes will be combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Mediators/moderators will be grouped according to a socioecological perspective, using the four levels of individual, interpersonal, community, and public policy/culture. RESULTS Electronic searches were completed in August 2019. A total of 4004 studies were included for screening after removing duplicates. After evaluating titles and abstracts against eligibility criteria, a further 3590 studies were excluded, leaving 415 studies for full-text screening. The results of the review are expected to be available by December 2020. CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes in young people are vital targets for substance use prevention efforts. This review will provide evidence to inform the development of prevention strategies in order to interrupt the negative life trajectory that can begin with childhood adversity. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020148773; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020148773 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/22368

scholarly journals Childhood adversity, externalizing behavior, and substance use in adolescence: Mediating effects of anterior cingulate cortex activation during inhibitory errors

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 1439-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Fava ◽  
Elisa M. Trucco ◽  
Meghan E. Martz ◽  
Lora M. Cope ◽  
Jennifer M. Jester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Early Adolescent

AbstractChildhood adversity can negatively impact development across various domains, including physical and mental health. Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to aggression and substance use; however, developmental pathways to explain these associations are not well characterized. Understanding early precursors to later problem behavior and substance use can inform preventive interventions. The aim of the current study was to examine neurobiological pathways through which childhood adversity may lead to early adolescent problem behavior and substance use in late adolescence by testing two prospective models. Our first model found that early adolescent externalizing behavior mediates the association between childhood adversity and alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use in late adolescence. Our second model found that activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during an inhibitory control task mediates the association between childhood adversity and early adolescent externalizing behavior, with lower ACC activation associated with higher levels of adversity and more externalizing behavior. Together these findings indicate that the path to substance use in late adolescence from childhood adversity may operate through lower functioning in the ACC related to inhibitory control and externalizing behavior. Early life stressors should be considered an integral component in the etiology and prevention of early and problematic substance use.

scholarly journals Positive urgency partially mediates the relationship between childhood adversity and problems associated with substance use in an undergraduate population

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 100230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayani Ramakrishnan ◽  
Matthew McPhee ◽  
Alexandra Sosnowski ◽  
Vinitaa Rajasingaam ◽  
Suzanne Erb
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
The Relationship

Descriptive Epidemiology of Chronic Childhood Adversity in Mexican Adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Benjet ◽  
Guilherme Borges ◽  
María Elena Medina-Mora ◽  
Joaquín Zambrano ◽  
Carlos Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Chronic Childhood ◽  
Mexican Adolescents

Multi-morbidity: Psychosis early childhood adversity and substance use within homeless people

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S21-S21
Author(s):  
M. Krausz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Housing First ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Early Trauma

Homelessness is the most visible indicator for social marginalization and vulnerability. It is a risk factor for subsequent health threats and especially individuals with a history of trauma, substance use and severe persistent mental illness are at high risk to loose their homes, jobs and social networks.The Canadian At Home/Chez Soi study aimed to better understand the entanglement of homelessness and mental illness and possible strategies to provide care to the most vulnerable. In 5 Canadian centers, over 2000 patients were included and randomized to different intervention arms based on a housing first approach.Early trauma and foster care were as rampant as poly substance use, which explains a significant increase in mortality too.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

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