Clinal variation in phenological traits and fitness responses to drought across the native range of California poppy

The ability of exotic species to proliferate and expand their range may hinge critically upon their potential for adaptive evolution. The finding of parallel patterns of genetically based clinal variation in native and non-native ranges across similar environmental gradients supports the hypothesis that adaptive evolution has played a role in establishment and spread. In this common garden study, we compared patterns of phenotypic variation among 12 populations of Solidago altissima L. that were sampled across similar latitudes in the native range in central USA (25°N–43°N) and across its invasive range in Japan (26°N–43°N). Significant clinal variation in phenotype corresponding to latitude was found among US and Japanese populations for height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, and stomatal guard-cell size. Only the slope of leaf width differed significantly between the native and invasive range, and the slope was significantly steeper in Japan. These results indicate that patterns of selection across latitude are similar in these two countries. We suggest that populations of S. altissima have rapidly differentiated in response to the cline in selection in Japan, possibly by the sorting of lineages from multiple introductions, and this has contributed to their success as an exotic invader.

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Self-Compatibility and Reproductive Success of Oenothera drummondii subsp. drummondii: Is It Similar between Native and Non-Native Populations?

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13090431 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 431

Author(s):

Juan B. Gallego-Fernández ◽

José G. García-Franco

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Success ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Seed Set ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Clinal Variation ◽

Native Range ◽

Cross Pollination ◽

Native Populations ◽

Self Compatibility ◽

Selection Factors

The mating system of plants widely distributed can change in native range but also in non-native habitats. Oenothera drummondii, native to the coastal dunes of the Gulf of Mexico, has been introduced to Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania. Hand self- and cross-pollination were performed to determine compatibility and to compare fruit set, fruit weight, seed set and germination characteristics from natives and non-natives populations and a comprehensive integral reproductive success index (IRSI) was built. Oenothera drummondii exhibited high self-compatibility and mixed reproductive systems in all populations. Characteristics of fruits and seeds from self- and cross-pollination varied within and between native and non-native populations and some had a positive clinal variation in the native range. The IRSI was sensitive to changes of fruit set, seed set and final germination of both self- and cross-pollination, showing differences between native populations. Differences in characteristics of fruits and seeds in the native and non-native ranges suggest the occurrence of distinct selection factors. The mixed reproductive system of O. drummondii suggests it can take advantage of local visitors in the native range, but also can provide advantages for the establishment at non-native sites giving the opportunity to interact with local flower visitors.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Evidence for a switch in the reproductive biology of Rubus alceifolius (Rosaceae) towards apomixis, between its native range and its area of introduction.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1003454.35454 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Ueli Grossniklaus

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Biology ◽

Native Range

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Segregation and speciation in the Neogene planktonic foraminiferal clade Globoconella

Paleobiology ◽

10.1017/s0094837300021345 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 383-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cynthia E. Schneider ◽

James P. Kennett

Keyword(s):

Morphological Evolution ◽

Evolutionary Divergence ◽

Clinal Variation ◽

Near Surface ◽

Surface Warming ◽

Isotopic Analyses ◽

Oxygen Isotopic ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Middle Pliocene ◽

Water Depths

The origin of the Neogene planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia (Globoconella) pliozea in the subtropical southwest Pacific has been attributed to its isolation resulting from intensification of the Subtropical Divergence (Tasman Front). Oxygen isotopic analyses suggest that, although the Subtropical Divergence may have played a role, the evolution of Gr. (G.) pliozea was facilitated by depth segregation of Gr. (G.) conomiozea morphotypes (low and high conical) during an interval of near-surface warming and increasing thermal gradient. Oxygen isotopic analyses suggest that low conical morphotypes of Gr. (G.) conomiozea inhabited greater depths than high conical morphotypes. Low conical forms of Gr. (G.) conomiozea are considered ancestral to the low conical species, Gr. (G.) pliozea. Oxygen isotopes indicate that Gr. (G.) pliozea inhabited greater depths than its ancestor, Gr. (G.) conomiozea.These data are consistent with depth-parapatric and depth-allopatric models, but not with a sympatric model of speciation. In the allopatric model, reproduction at different water depths acts as a barrier between morphotypes. In the parapatric model, clinal variation along a depth gradient acts as a barrier between morphotypes living at the limits of the gradient. Depth segregation in both models results in genetic isolation and evolutionary divergence. Our data support a correlation between morphological evolution and habitat changes in the Globoconella clade, implying separation of populations as a driving force for morphological evolution.Ecological segregation of morphotypes and species may be related to morphology (height of the conical angle), based on the data from Gr. (G.) conomiozea and Gr. (G.) pliozea. However, morphological differences alone do not necessarily produce depth differences. Large morphological differences between Gr. (G.) pliozea and closely related Gr. (G.) puncticulata did not result in isotopic and therefore depth differences between these species. These species coexisted at the same water depths for nearly 1 m.y. Thus, it is unlikely that the extinction of Gr. (G.) pliozea in the middle Pliocene resulted from competition with Gr. (G.) puncticulata, as previously suggested.

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Historical, current, and future climate niche of the red dwarf honey bee across its native range

Journal of Apicultural Research ◽

10.1080/00218839.2021.1892370 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Taghi Ghassemi-Khademi ◽

Rasoul Khosravi ◽

Saber Sadeghi ◽

Mehregan Ebrahimi

Keyword(s):

Honey Bee ◽

Future Climate ◽

Native Range ◽

Climate Niche

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Genotypic Variation in C and N Isotope Discrimination Suggests Local Adaptation of Heart-Leaved Willow

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpab010 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Hu ◽

Robert D Guy ◽

Raju Y Soolanayakanahally

Keyword(s):

Isotopic Composition ◽

Local Adaptation ◽

N Uptake ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Clinal Variation ◽

Trade Off ◽

Uptake Efficiency ◽

N Uptake Efficiency

Abstract Plants acquire multiple resources from the environment and may need to adjust and/or balance their respective resource-use efficiencies to maximize grow and survival, in a locally adaptive manner. In this study, tissue and whole-plant carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) and C/N ratios provided long-term measures of use efficiencies for water (WUE) and nitrogen (NUE), and a nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) based mass balance model was used to estimate traits related to N uptake and assimilation in heart-leaved willow (Salix eriocephala Michx.). In an initial common garden experiment consisting of 34 populations, we found population level variation in δ13C, C/N and δ15N, indicating different patterns in WUE, NUE and N uptake and assimilation. Although there was no relationship between foliar δ13C and C/N ratios among populations, there was a significant negative correlation between these measures across all individuals, implying a genetic and/or plastic trade-off between WUE and NUE not associated with local adaptation. To eliminate any environmental effect, we grew a subset of 21 genotypes hydroponically with nitrate as the sole N-source, and detected significant variation in δ13C, δ15N and C/N ratios. Variation in δ15N was mainly due to genotypic differences in the nitrate efflux/influx ratio (E/I) at the root. Both experiments suggested clinal variation in δ15N (and thus N uptake efficiency) with latitude of origin, which may relate to water availability and could contribute to global patterns in ecosystem δ15N. There was a tendency for genotypes with higher WUE to come from more water replete sites with shorter and cooler growing seasons. We found that δ13C, C/N, and E/I were not inter-correlated, suggesting that selection of growth, WUE, NUE and N uptake efficiency can occur without trade-off.

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Climate Change May Cause Shifts in Growth and Instantaneous Natural Mortality of American Shad Throughout Their Native Range

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society ◽

10.1002/tafs.10299 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Erin K. Gilligan‐Lunda ◽

Daniel S. Stich ◽

Katherine E. Mills ◽

Michael M. Bailey ◽

Joseph D. Zydlewski

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

American Shad ◽

Natural Mortality ◽

Native Range

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Demography, genetic diversity and expansion load in the colonizing species Leontodon longirostris (Asteraceae) throughout its native range

Molecular Ecology ◽

10.1111/mec.15802 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 1190-1205

Author(s):

Manuel Pedro ◽

Miquel Riba ◽

Santiago C. González‐Martínez ◽

Pedro Seoane ◽

Rocío Bautista ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Native Range ◽

Colonizing Species ◽

Expansion Load

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Evidence for Selection at the fused1 Locus of Drosophila americana

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/158.1.279 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 158 (1) ◽

pp. 279-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jorge Vieira ◽

Bryant F McAllister ◽

Brian Charlesworth

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Sequence Variation ◽

Amino Acid Replacement ◽

Population Subdivision ◽

Amino Acid Substitutions ◽

Clinal Variation ◽

Haplotype Structure ◽

Common Amino Acid ◽

Chromosome Arrangement ◽

Dna Sequence Variation

Abstract We analyze genetic variation at fused1, a locus that is close to the centromere of the X chromosome-autosome (X/4) fusion in Drosophila americana. In contrast to other X-linked and autosomal genes, for which a lack of population subdivision in D. americana has been observed at the DNA level, we find strong haplotype structure associated with the alternative chromosomal arrangements. There are several derived fixed differences at fused1 (including one amino acid replacement) between two haplotype classes of this locus. From these results, we obtain an estimate of an age of ∼0.61 million years for the origin of the two haplotypes of the fused1 gene. Haplotypes associated with the X/4 fusion have less DNA sequence variation at fused1 than haplotypes associated with the ancestral chromosome arrangement. The X/4 haplotypes also exhibit clinal variation for the allele frequencies of the three most common amino acid replacement polymorphisms, but not for adjacent silent polymorphisms. These patterns of variation are best explained as a result of selection acting on amino acid substitutions, with geographic variation in selection pressures.

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Integrative Taxonomy Reveals That the Marine Brachyuran Crab Pyromaia tuberculata (Lockington, 1877) Reached Eastern Atlantic

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13060225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 225

Author(s):

Jorge Lobo-Arteaga ◽

Miriam Tuaty-Guerra ◽

Maria José Gaudêncio

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Integrative Taxonomy ◽

Tagus Estuary ◽

Native Range ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

Southwest Atlantic ◽

Brachyuran Crab ◽

The North ◽

Mainland Portugal

Pyromaia tuberculata is native to the north-eastern Pacific Ocean and currently established in distant regions in the Pacific Ocean and southwest Atlantic. Outside its native range, this species has become established in organically polluted enclosed waters, such as bays. The Tagus estuary, with a broad shallow bay, is one of the largest estuaries in the west coast of Europe, located in western mainland Portugal, bordering the city of Lisbon. In this study, sediment samples were collected in the estuary between 2016 and 2017. Several adult specimens of P. tuberculata, including one ovigerous female, were morphologically and genetically identified, resulting in accurate identification of the species. The constant presence of adults over a 16-month sampling period suggests that the species has become established in the Tagus estuary. Moreover, their short life cycle, which allows for the production of at least two generations per year, with females reaching maturity within six months after settlement, favours population establishment. Despite being referred to as invasive, there are no records of adverse effects of P. tuberculata to the environment and socio-economy in regions outside its native range. However, due to its expanding ability, its inclusion in European monitoring programmes would indeed be desirable.

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