Spontaneous establishment of late successional tree species English oak (Quercus robur) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) at reclaimed alder plantation and unreclaimed post mining sites

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frouz ◽  
Veronika Vobořilová ◽  
Ivana Janoušová ◽  
Štěpánka Kadochová ◽  
Luboš Matějíček
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
English Oak

scholarly journals BVOC emissions from English oak (<i>Quercus robur</i>) and European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i>) along a latitudinal gradient

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylva Persson ◽  
Guy Schurgers ◽  
Riikka Rinnan ◽  
Thomas Holst
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
English Oak

Abstract. English oak (Quercus robur) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) are amongst the most common tree species growing in Europe, influencing the annual Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound (BVOC) budget in this region. Studies have shown great variability in the emissions from these tree species, originating from both genetic variability and differences in climatic conditions between study sites. In this study, we examine the emission patterns for English oak and European beech in genetically identical individuals and the potential variation within and between sites. Leaf scale BVOC emissions, net assimilation rates and stomatal conductance were measured at the International Phenological Garden sites of Ljubljana (Slovenia), Grafrath (Germany) and Taastrup (Denmark). Sampling was conducted during three campaigns between May and July 2014. Our results show that English oak mainly emitted isoprene whilst European beech released monoterpenes. The relative contribution of the most emitted compounds from the two species remained stable across latitudes. The contribution of isoprene for English oak from Grafrath and Taastrup ranged between 92–97 % of the total BVOC emissions, whilst sabinene and limonene for European beech ranged between 30.5–40.5 % and 9–15 % respectively for all three sites. The relative contribution of isoprene for English oak at Ljubljana was lower (78 %) in comparison to the other sites, most likely caused by frost damage in early spring. The variability in total leaf-level emission rates from the same site was small, whereas there were greater differences between sites. These differences were probably caused by short-term weather events and plant stress. A difference in age did not seem to affect the emission patterns for the selected trees. This study highlights the significance of within-genotypic variation of BVOC emission capacities for English oak and European beech, the influence of climatic variables such as temperature and light on emission intensities and the potential stability in relative compound contribution across a latitudinal gradient.

scholarly journals BVOC emissions from English oak (<i>Quercus robur</i>) and European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i>) along a latitudinal gradient

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 6067-6080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylva van Meeningen ◽  
Guy Schurgers ◽  
Riikka Rinnan ◽  
Thomas Holst
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
English Oak

Abstract. English oak (Quercus robur) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) are amongst the most common tree species growing in Europe, influencing the annual biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) budget in this region. Studies have shown great variability in the emissions from these tree species, originating from both genetic variability and differences in climatic conditions between study sites. In this study, we examine the emission patterns for English oak and European beech in genetically identical individuals and the potential variation within and between sites. Leaf scale BVOC emissions, net assimilation rates and stomatal conductance were measured at the International Phenological Garden sites of Ljubljana (Slovenia), Grafrath (Germany) and Taastrup (Denmark). Sampling was conducted during three campaigns between May and July 2014. Our results show that English oak mainly emitted isoprene whilst European beech released monoterpenes. The relative contribution of the most emitted compounds from the two species remained stable across latitudes. The contribution of isoprene for English oak from Grafrath and Taastrup ranged between 92 and 97 % of the total BVOC emissions, whilst sabinene and limonene for European beech ranged from 30.5 to 40.5 and 9 to 15 % respectively for all three sites. The relative contribution of isoprene for English oak at Ljubljana was lower (78 %) in comparison to the other sites, most likely caused by frost damage in early spring. The variability in total leaf-level emission rates from the same site was small, whereas there were greater differences between sites. These differences were probably caused by short-term weather events and plant stress. A difference in age did not seem to affect the emission patterns for the selected trees. This study highlights the significance of within-genotypic variation of BVOC emission capacities for English oak and European beech, the influence of climatic variables such as temperature and light on emission intensities and the potential stability in relative compound contribution across a latitudinal gradient.

scholarly journals Influence of Moisture Content for Bonding Quality of European Beech and English Oak

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Tomáš Pipíška ◽  
Pavel Král
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Bonding Quality ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
English Oak

This study focused on the comparison of the bonding quality of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and English oak (Quercus robur L.), due to variability of moisture content (MC) in the wood. Hardwood species as a material, often yield a more difficult drying process, which can cause problems between various MC in the process of bonding. Specimens were bonded in two groups of MCs: 10/10% (control) and 6/14%. After reaching the equilibrium MC in standard conditions, specimens were cut into sample dimensions. Afterward the specimens were tested for bonding quality according to the EN 13354. In general, there is increase of the bonding quality for both hardwood species in different MC specimens. Statistically significant increase was notable in oak. With exception of the MUF adhesive, there were statistical difference between control and 6/14% MC group for oak.

scholarly journals Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Hasstedt ◽  
Peter Annighöfer
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) is considered one of the most invasive tree species in central Europe and causes problems for both nature conservation and silviculture. Besides mechanical control treatments, a suggested control method to prevent its ongoing spread is to underplant shade-tolerant native tree species. Therefore, we combined two mechanical treatments, with underplanting of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) or small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) on fenced and unfenced plots. After the first growing season, survival rates were evaluated, and selected seedlings were destructively harvested to analyze their growth performance and leaf morphology in association with the different light regimes resulting from mechanical treatments Survival rates for both seedlings were very high (>95%). Survival rates were higher on fenced plots than on unfenced plots, most likely as result of browsing. The mortality of F. sylvatica decreased with increasing light availability on fenced plots. The mortality of T. cordata did not change along the light gradient. After one vegetation period no differences with respect to biomass allocation could be detected along the light gradient. However, the specific leaf areas of both species responded similarly, decreasing with increasing light availability. In summary, both species were able to establish and survive in the dense P. serotina understory and might have the potential to outcompete the invasive alien species in the long run.

scholarly journals Broad Leaf Trees as Reservoirs for Phytoseiid Mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kabíček
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Broad Leaf

The possibility that broad leaf trees can be reservoirs for phytoseiid mites was investigated by determining their occurrence and species diversity on common deciduous tree species. No phytoseiid mites were found on Betula pendula and Populus tremula. Altogether&nbsp; 280 specimens of phytoseiids belonging to six species (Neoseiulella ace-ri, N. tiliarum, Paraseiulus soleiger, Euseius finlandicus, Phytoseius severus, Typhlodromus rhenanus) were found on Acer platanoides, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur and Salix caprea. Ph. severus was the dominant phytoseiid species on S. caprea, while N. aceri was most abundant on A. platanoides. The greatest abundance and species diversity of phytoseiids were found on S. caprea that can thus constitute an excellent reservoir for some phytoseiid mites, particularly Phytoseius spp. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Floristic Change at the Drought Limit of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to Downy Oak (Quercus pubescens) Forest in the Temperate Climate of Central Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 646-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert REIF ◽  
Fotios XYSTRAKIS ◽  
Stefanie GÄRTNER ◽  
Uwe SAYER
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Quercus Pubescens ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Shallow Soils

An increase in drought could cause shifts in species composition and vegetation structure. In forests it limits the occurrence of drought sensitive tree species which become replaced by drought tolerant tree species and forest communities. Under temperate macroclimatic conditions, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) naturally dominates the forested landscape, except on extremely shallow soil in combination with high irradiation. On these sites beech reaches its drought limit, and is replaced by forests dominated by species like downy Oak (Quercus pubescens s.l.) and English Oak (Quercus petraea L). Phytosociological and ecological data were collected in the transition (ecotone) between European beach stands and stands of more drought tolerant species in order to quantify the drought intensity threshold, above which beech is replaced by drought tolerant species. It was shown that favourable topographic and soil conditions partially compensated the unsuitable climatic conditions for beech. The ecotone between these forest types was found to be characterized by shallow soils with an available soil water storage capacity of 73 l/m² or less, and an irradiation intensity of 6000 MJ/m2 or more during the growing season. This indicates that under conditions of climate change beech would naturally still remain the dominant tree species on the majority of central European forest sites.

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