Contribution analysis on spatial tradeoff/synergy of Karst soil conservation and water retention for various geomorphological types: Geographical detector application

Conflicts between ecological conservation and socio-economic development persisted over many decades in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration (BTH). Ecosystem services were affected drastically by rapid urbanization and ecological restoration programs in the BTH since 2000. This study aims to identify the spatial patterns of the four types of ecosystem services (net primary productivity (NPP), crop production, water retention, and soil conservation) in 2000 and 2010, and to make clear the impacts of urbanization and associated factors on the spatial patterns of ecosystem services. Based on the quantification of ecosystem services, we assessed the spatial patterns and changes, and identified the relationships between the type diversity of ecosystem services and land-use change. We also analyzed the effect of the spatial differentiation of influencing factors on ecosystem services, using the geographical detector model. The results showed that the average value of crop production increased substantially between 2000 and 2010, whereas the net primary productivity decreased significantly, and the water retention and soil conservation decreased slightly. The ecosystem services exhibited a spatial similar to that of influencing factors, and the combination of any two factors strengthened the spatial effect more than a single factor. The geomorphic factors (elevation and slope) were found to control the distribution of NPP, water retention, and soil conservation. The population density was responsible for crop production. We also found that the urbanization rate plays a major indirect role in crop production and water retention when interacting with population density and slope, respectively. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) indirectly influences the spatial distribution of NPP when interacting with geomorphic factors. These findings highlight the need to promote new strategies of land-use management in the BTH. On the one hand, it is necessary to carefully select where new urban land should be located in order to relieve the pressure on ecosystem services in dense urban areas. On the other hand, the maintenance of ecological restoration programs is needed for improving vegetation coverage in the ecological functional zones in the medium and long term.

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Tradeoffs between soil conservation and soil‐water retention: the role of vegetation pattern and density

Land Degradation and Development ◽

10.1002/ldr.4123 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Wei ◽

Daili Pan ◽

Feng Jing

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Water Retention ◽

Vegetation Pattern ◽

Soil Water Retention

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The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Ecosystem Service Synergy/Trade-Offs Based on Ecological Units

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12080992 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 992

Author(s):

Teng Niu ◽

Jiaxin Yu ◽

Depeng Yue ◽

Linzhe Yang ◽

Xueqing Mao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Ecosystem Service ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Crop Production ◽

Water Retention ◽

Spatial Characteristic ◽

Ecological Security ◽

Trade Off ◽

Temporal And Spatial

“Two ecological barriers and three shelters” (TEBTS), which has the effect of relieving ecological pressure, is the national ecological security pattern in China. Calculating the value of TEBTS ecosystem services, clarifying the synergy/trade-off relationships between ecosystem services, and maximizing the value of regional ecosystem services are of great significance for maintaining the security of the ecological civilization. At present, the research on ecosystem service synergy/trade-off has become the frontier field of ecology and related disciplines at home and abroad, and many research results have been obtained. However, there is still room and significance for continuing research to think about the synergy/trade-off relationship of ecosystems from the perspective of temporal and spatial heterogeneity: clarifying the spatial scope and spatial transmission characteristics of ecosystem service synergy/trade-off; exploring the trend of ecosystem service synergy/trade-off, and simulating the dynamic characteristics of natural factors affecting ecosystem services; and analyzing the characteristics of different spatial attributes that lead to the synergy/trade-off of ecosystem services. In this study, the Songhua River Basin (SRB), where the NFB is located, is used as the research area, the ecosystem services are simulated through the ecosystem assessment model, ecological unit (EU) is constructed as a research carrier, which is used to define the spatial scope of ecosystem services, and the influence of spatial characteristics and attribute characteristics on the change trend of the ecosystem service synergy/trade-off relationship is analyzed. The research found that water retention, soil conservation, and biodiversity did not change much from 2000 to 2015, and these ecosystem services have a greater value in the NFZ. The amount of carbon sequestration increased rapidly from 2010 to 2015. Crop production showed an increasing trend year by year. As the main grain production area, the Songnen Plain provides the main crop production function, which is greatly affected by humans. In the spatial characteristic, water retention, soil sequestration, and biodiversity present a very significant synergistic relationship, which is manifested in the obvious high-value aggregation characteristics in the NFZ, and crop production and the other four types of ecosystem services are in a trade-off relationship. At the time scale, the four types of ecosystem services, including water retention, soil conservation, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration, are synergistic, and crop production and water retention are synergistic. The vegetation types exhibiting a synergy/trade-off relationship are mainly broad-leaved forests, and the soil types are mainly luvisols and phaeozems. These EUs are mainly distributed in the NFZ and have spatial topological characteristics: the area and circumference of these EUs are smaller, the radius of gyration is also significantly smaller than that of other EUs, and the shape is more regular. By focusing on the spatial aggregation characteristics and changing trends of the ecosystem service synergy/trade-off and clarifying the influencing factors of the ecosystem service synergy/trade-off, the ecosystem services can be integrated, and the ecosystem can be optimized. Thus, the value of regional ecosystem services can be maximized, and a certain data foundation and theoretical support can be provided for major projects, such as ecological restoration and ecological environment governance, which is of great significance for improving the pattern of ecological security.

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Emergy Based Decoupling Analysis of Ecosystem Services on Urbanization: A Case of Shanghai, China

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13226139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 6139

Author(s):

Hengyu Pan ◽

Yong Geng ◽

Ji Han ◽

Cheng Huang ◽

Wenyi Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Water Retention ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Sustainable Urban Development ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Study Results ◽

Decoupling Analysis ◽

The Relationship

In order to respond to rapid urbanization, understanding the relationships between urbanization and ecosystem services (ESs) is of practical importance to move toward sustainable urban development. In this study, an emergy-GIS based method is proposed to evaluate ESs. Spatiotemporal emergy values of water retention (WR), air purification (AP), carbon sequestration (CS), soil conservation (SC), and biodiversity conservation (BC) were quantified and relationships among these ESs were analyzed by taking China’s largest city, Shanghai, as a case. The decoupling analysis was conducted to study the relationship between urbanization and ESs. Results show that the total value of regulating ESs had declined by 8.24% from 2005 to 2010. Chongming had the largest value of ESs, followed by Pudong. There is a synergetic relationship among AP, CS, and SC, while a tradeoff appears between WR and other services. Irregular “U” shape relationships between the decrease of ESs and urbanization indicators were observed. Results from decoupling analysis show that ESs experienced weak decoupling from urbanization in most districts. Finally, policy implications were raised based on the study results.

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A primary study of breeding system of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89696-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Feng Wang ◽

Xiaohan Sun ◽

Jibin Dong ◽

Rong Cui ◽

Xiao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breeding System ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Water Retention ◽

Pollen Limitation ◽

Floral Morphology ◽

Resource Limitation ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Primary Study ◽

Fruit Setting ◽

Ziziphus Jujuba

AbstractZiziphus jujuba var. spinosa has been used as a windbreak and for soil conservation and water retention. Previous studies focused on pharmacological effects and extraction of chemical components in this species, and very few explored the breeding system. The present study combined the analysis of floral morphology, behavior of flower visitors, and artificial pollination to reveal reproductive characteristics of the species. Its flowers are characterized by dichogamy, herkogamy, and stamen movement, which are evolutionary adaptations to its breeding system. There were more than 40 species of visiting insects, mainly Hymenoptera and Diptera, and the characteristics of dichogamous and herkogamous flower adapted to the visiting insects. The breeding system is outcrossing, partially self-compatible, and demand for pollinators. The fruit setting rate after natural pollination was 2%. Geitonogamy and xenogamy did not significantly increase the fruit setting rate, indicating that the low fruit setting rate was not due to pollen limitation by likely caused by resource limitation or fruit consumption. The fruit setting rate of zero in emasculated and in naturally and hand self-pollinated individuals suggested the absence of apomixis and spontaneous self-pollination. The above results can be utilized in studies on evolution and cultivation of Z. jujuba var. spinosa.

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Pathogenesis and management of sodium and water retention in cardiac failure and cirrhosis

Seminars in Nephrology ◽

10.1053/snep.2001.20933 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 157-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Robert W. Schrier ◽

Andrey K. Gurevich ◽

Melissa A. Cadnapaphornchai

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Failure ◽

Water Retention

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Ukrainian Chernozem Fertility Reproduction under Soil Conservation Agriculture

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-67-79 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 67-79

Author(s):

Yu. Kravchenko

Keyword(s):

Soil Conservation ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Instructional Materials ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Typical Chernozem ◽

Degradation Processes ◽

Biological Potential

In Ukraine 57.5 % of agricultural land is subjected to erosion with 10–24 million tons of humus, 0.3–0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.7–0.9 million tons of phosphorus and 6–12 million tons of potassium lost annually. Degradation processes are also common on chernozems, which cover about 60 % of the Ukrainian territory. The aim of the research is to defi ne the most eff ective soil conservation practices and legislative decisions aimed to conservation/recovering the Ukrainian chernozem fertility. The experimental data of the agrochemical certifi cation of Ukrainian lands, data from scientifi c papers, stock and instructional materials as well as our own fi eld and laboratory studies were used. It has been established that the long-term use of deep subsurface tillage on typical chernozem increases, compared with plowing, the content of 10–0.25 mm of air-dry and water-resistant aggregates, the bulk density, soil water storages, water infi ltration rates, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, pHH2O, CaCO3 stocks, the contents of humic and fulvic acids, molecular weights of humic acids – by 5.5 and 3.06 %; 0.05 g/cm3; 25.5 mm; 22.6 mm/h; 0.1 and 3 mg/100 g of soil; 0.03 pHH2O; 18 t/ha, 0.02 and 0.04 %, 91195 kDa, respectively. Fertilizers may contribute to the crop yields increase from by 60% in the Polissya, by 40 % – in the Forest Steppe, by 15 % – in the Wet Steppe, by 10 % – in the Dry Steppe and by 40 % – in the Irrigated Steppe areas. In soil-conservation rotations, the crop placement and alternation are advisable to combine with strips or hills sowing, taking into account the local relief features; soil alkalinization, applying anti-erosion structures. Ukrainian agriculture will receive additional 10–12 million tons of forage units or 20–22 % from all fodder in a fi eld agriculture under increasing 8–10 % of arable lands for intercrops. It is advisable to mulch the eroded chernozems of Ukraine depending on their texture composition: 1.3 t/ha of mulch for sandy and loamy soils, 1.9 t/ha – for sandy and 1.1 t/ha – for loamy soils. The implementation of soil conservation agriculture can minimize some soil degradation processes and improve eff ective soil properties required to realize the biological potential of cultivated plants. Key words: chernozem, degradation, fertility, soil conservation technologies, agriculture policy.

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