How do Covid-19 stay-at-home restrictions affect crime? Evidence from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

In 1831, Rufino’s young master, an army cadet, took him to the province of Rio Grande do Sul, where he was sold to a merchant from the capital city of Porto Alegre. When his new master went bankrupt, Rufino was auctioned and bought by the police chief of the province. He worked as a cook at home and probably as a hire-out worker in the streets as well. Rio Grande received scores of slaves imported from Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. By 1819, 30 percent of Porto Alegre’s population were slaves. As the city grew, daily conflicts between slaves and the police and maroon activity became a major problem.

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“Carnaval em casa”

Journal of Festive Studies ◽

10.33823/jfs.2021.3.1.93 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 17-46

Author(s):

Andrew Snyder

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Domestic Space ◽

Civic Responsibility ◽

City Administration ◽

Persuasive Discourse ◽

The City ◽

At Home

The carnival of 2021 of Rio de Janeiro was unprecedently cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the city administration knew it would have to enforce the decision and convince residents to avoid celebrating despite the restrictions. Importantly, officials had the support of the samba schools and the blocos of street carnival, and the blocos organized a manifesto and campaign declaring that in 2021 carnival would be “at home.” While many scholars have shown how street music can mobilize revelers, this article shows that the blocos of Rio’s street carnival also have the capacity to demobilize them. Their campaign drew on familiar carnivalesque and Brazilian tropes to rationalize a biopolitical message of civic responsibility, respect for life, and resistance to virus denialism. They played on long-standing Brazilian tropes of carnival as an ephemeral moment whose presence is fleeting and soon experienced as saudade, or nostalgia. I explore various manifestations of the campaign, including its manifestos and arguments, as well as some of the alternatives that were offered, such as virtual carnival performances and new carnival songs adapted to the situation. By inverting their traditional demands to occupy the streets and instead limiting festivity to domestic space, the blocos framed their plea not as a departure from carnival tradition, but as fundamentally carnivalesque. I argue that classic carnival theories are best understood as performative rather than an explanatory; that is, it is how carnival practitioners deploy the carnivalesque tropes of inversion as elements of a persuasive discourse that is my focus.

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Household-level drinking water quality, access, and management practices within an informal community: a case study at Rio das Pedras, Rio de Janeiro

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2018.082 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 80-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard V. Remigio ◽

Renata S. Rabello ◽

Garazi Zulaika ◽

Marilia S. Carvalho ◽

Paulo R. G. Barrocas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Management Practices ◽

Water Storage ◽

Bottled Water ◽

Household Characteristics ◽

Piped Water ◽

At Home

Abstract Inter-household patterns in drinking water access, consumption, perception, and quality among residents can vary in Rio das Pedras (RdP), a large favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. While unreliable water quality can influence residents to diversify their drinking water supply, household drinking water management practices are not generally known for this community. Household surveys, and indoor tap, piped water before entering the home, filtered, or bottled dispenser water samples were collected. Respondents reported storing water (91%) and near-daily access to piped water (78%). A majority of households reported cleaning water storage tanks at least once every 6 months. Also, residents rely on bottled water and a considerable proportion supplemented their water supply with at-home filtered water. The quality and safety of these sources are not necessarily superior to indoor tap water, especially under conditions of appropriate water storage tank cleaning. Higher prevalence of total coliform detections was found in indoor tap, filtered, and bottled water. Household characteristics such as home ownership, residence type, and residence time exhibited a positive association with improved tank cleaning. Community health practitioners could evaluate practices in water storage, at-home filtration maintenance, and bottled water dispenser systems using household characteristics to promote protective actions.

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Computer skills and digital media uses among young students in Rio de Janeiro

Education Policy Analysis Archives ◽

10.14507/epaa.v21n53.2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rosalia Duarte ◽

Sibele Cazelli ◽

Rita Peixoto Migliora ◽

Carlos Alberto Coimbra

Keyword(s):

Digital Media ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Computer Skills ◽

Digital Inclusion ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

Homogeneous Pattern ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

New Policies ◽

At Home

The main purpose of this paper is provide information relevant for the formulation of new policies for the integration of technology in education from the discussion of research results that analyse computer skills and digital media uses among students (between 12 to 18 years old) from schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The schools surveyed were selected by a stratified random sample. The questionnaire allowed for statistical measurement of theoretical constructs employing non parametrical item response theory. The schools showed a homogeneous pattern with regard to the frequency of use and the ability of students to perform tasks on the computer. Most students use the computer and the Internet at home. The use of computers in schools is minimal and does not influence the students' ability. Even so, the use of a computer at school positively affects the frequency of use and suggests that schools can play a role in promoting digital inclusion. The availability of media resources at home, how long students have been using a computer and cultural practices during the students’ free time had notable positive correlations with the student’s abilities. The results suggest that the relation between age and abilities in the use of computer and internet was not significant, except in reference to school delays which were related to age and to students’ grades, i.e., the more delayed a student is, the less able he/she will be.

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Demented elderly people living at home in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Evaluation of expenditure on care

Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1111/j.1479-8301.2008.00237.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 88-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Renato P VERAS ◽

Célia P CALDAS ◽

Sérgio B DANTAS ◽

Leyla G SANCHO ◽

Bernardo SICSÚ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

At Home

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Siblings of Children with Mental Retardation Living at Home or in Residential Placement

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry ◽

10.1017/s0021963097002084 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 355-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Laurie Eisenberg ◽

Bruce L. Baker ◽

Jan Blacher

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Residential Placement ◽

At Home

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Systematic Modification of Parental Input to Train Language Symbols

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1201.04 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 4-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Barbara Culatta ◽

Donna Horn

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Meaningful Use ◽

Hearing Impaired ◽

Specific Language ◽

Parental Input ◽

Language Exposure ◽

Therapy Sessions ◽

Impaired Children ◽

Hearing Impaired Children ◽

At Home

This study attempted to maximize environmental language learning for four hearing-impaired children. The children's mothers were systematically trained to present specific language symbols to their children at home. An increase in meaningful use of these words was observed during therapy sessions. In addition, as the mothers began to generalize the language exposure strategies, an increase was observed in the children's use of words not specifically identified by the clinician as targets.

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Iterative Development of a Home Review Program to Promote Preschoolers' Vocabulary Skills: Social Validity and Learning Outcomes

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/2019_lshss-19-00011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 371-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xigrid Soto ◽

Yagmur Seven ◽

Meaghan McKenna ◽

Keri Madsen ◽

Lindsey Peters-Sanders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Stress ◽

Social Validity ◽

Home Language ◽

Single Subject ◽

Considerable Difficulty ◽

Home Program ◽

Iterative Development ◽

Vocabulary Skills ◽

Validity Measures ◽

At Home

Purpose This article describes the iterative development of a home review program designed to augment vocabulary instruction for young children (ages 4 and 5 years) occurring at school through the use of a home review component. Method A pilot study followed by two experiments used adapted alternating treatment designs to compare the learning of academic words taught at school to words taught at school and reviewed at home. At school, children in small groups were taught academic words embedded in prerecorded storybooks for 6 weeks. Children were given materials such as stickers with review prompts (e.g., “Tell me what brave means”) to take home for half the words. Across iterations of the home intervention, the home review component was enhanced by promoting parent engagement and buy-in through in-person training, video modeling, and daily text message reminders. Visual analyses of single-subject graphs, multilevel modeling, and social validity measures were used to evaluate the additive effects and feasibility of the home review component. Results Social validity results informed each iteration of the home program. The effects of the home program across sites were mixed, with only one site showing consistently strong effects. Superior learning was evident in the school + home review condition for families that reviewed words frequently at home. Although the home review program was effective in improving the vocabulary skills of many children, some families had considerable difficulty practicing vocabulary words. Conclusion These studies highlight the importance of using social validity measures to inform iterative development of home interventions that promote feasible strategies for enhancing the home language environment. Further research is needed to identify strategies that stimulate facilitators and overcome barriers to implementation, especially in high-stress homes, to enrich the home language environments of more families.

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