Impact of pneumococcal vaccination on clinical forms of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in pediatrics population

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 483-485
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodrigo ◽  
Maria Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Clinical Forms

Pneumococcal vaccination decreases atherosclerotic lesion formation: molecular mimicry between Streptococcus pneumoniae and oxidized LDL

10.1038/nm876 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph J Binder ◽  
Sohvi Hörkkö ◽  
Asheesh Dewan ◽  
Mi-Kyung Chang ◽  
Emily P Kieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Lesion Formation ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation

scholarly journals Antibody levels against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b in a population of splenectomized individuals with varying vaccination status

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. KONRADSEN ◽  
C. RASMUSSEN ◽  
P. EJSTRUD ◽  
J. B. HANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Antibody Levels

In order to determine antibody levels against Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in a population of splenectomized subjects, 561 persons in a Danish county, splenectomized between 1984 and 1993 were identified. Two hundred and thirty-five were alive and 149 participated in the study. Each person donated a blood sample for antibody determination by ELISA. Though vaccine coverage among the 149 persons was 91% only 52% had ‘protective’ levels of pneumococcal antibodies. Despite recommendations for regular follow-up on pneumococcal antibody levels this had only been carried out in 4% of the subjects. Splenectomized subjects who needed pneumococcal revaccination were significantly more likely to have received their initial vaccination less than 14 days before or after splenectomy, as recommended, than those not requiring revaccination. Therefore, the timing of initial pneumococcal vaccination in relation to splenectomy seems to be important. All persons had Hib antibody levels higher than 0·15 μg/ml and 60% had levels higher than 1 μg/ml, which are the levels thought to provide short term and long term protection, respectively. In total, 37% of the 149 persons tested had pneumococcal and Hib antibody levels thought to correlate with protection from serious infections.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes 9 and 14 Circulating in Brazil over a 23-Year Period Prior to Introduction of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: Role of International Clones in the Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance and Description of a Novel Genotype

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 6664-6672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana C. A. Pinto ◽  
Fabíola C. O. Kegele ◽  
Cícero A. G. Dias ◽  
Rosana R. Barros ◽  
José M. Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The 1960S

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial-resistant pneumococcal strains have been detected worldwide since the 1960s. In Brazil, the first penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci (PNSP) were reported in the 1980s, and their emergence and dissemination have been mainly attributed to serogroup 9 and serotype 14 strains, especially those highly related to recognized international clones. In the present study, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing were performed on 315 pneumococcal isolates belonging to serogroup 9 (n= 99) or serotype 14 (n= 216), recovered from patients or asymptomatic carriers between 1988 and 2011 in Brazil, in order to trace changes in antimicrobial resistance and genotypes prior to the full introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the country. Over the 23-year study period, the PNSP levels increased, and four clonal complexes (CC156, CC66, CC15, and CC5401) have played important roles in the evolution and dissemination of pneumococcal isolates belonging to serogroup 9 and serotype 14, as well as in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, in the pre-pneumococcal-vaccination era. The earliest PNSP strains detected in this study belonged to serotype 9N/ST66 and were single locus variants of the international clone Tennessee14-18 ST67 (CC66). The first serotype 14 PNSP isolates were identified in 1990 and were related to the England14-9 ST9 (CC15) clone. Serotype 14 PNSP variants of the Spain9V-3 ST156 clone with elevated penicillin MICs and nonsusceptibility to other beta-lactams were detected in 1995 and showed an increasing trend over the years. The results also indicated that introduction of ST156 in our region was preceded by the emergence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance and by the dissemination of ST162. In addition to the presence of successful international clones, a novel regional serotype 14 genotype (CC5401) has emerged in 1996.

scholarly journals Emergence in Vietnam of Streptococcus pneumoniae Resistant to Multiple Antimicrobial Agents as a Result of Dissemination of the Multiresistant Spain23F-1 Clone

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 3512-3517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Parry ◽  
Nguyen Minh Duong ◽  
Jiaji Zhou ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hoang Mai ◽  
To Song Diep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Resistant Pneumococcus

ABSTRACT Surveillance for Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents is necessary to define the optimal empirical antibiotic therapy for meningitis in resource-poor countries such as Vietnam. The clinical and microbiological features of 100 patients admitted to the Centre for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, between 1993 and 2002 with invasive pneumococcal disease were studied. A penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococcus (MIC, ≥0.1 μg/ml) was isolated from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of 8% of patients (2 of 24) between 1993 and 1995 but 56% (20 of 36) during 1999 to 2002 (P < 0.0001). Pneumococcal isolates resistant to penicillin (MIC, ≥2.0 μg/ml) increased from 0% (0 of 24) to 28% (10 of 36) (P = 0.002). Only one isolate was ceftriaxone resistant (MIC, 2.0 μg/ml). Penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci were isolated from 78% of children younger than 15 years (28 of 36) compared with 25% of adults (16 of 64) (P = 0.0001). Isolation of a penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococcus in adults with meningitis was independently associated with referral from another hospital (P = 0.005) and previous antibiotic therapy (P = 0.025). Multilocus sequence typing showed that 86% of the invasive penicillin-resistant pneumococcus isolates tested (12 of 14) were of the Spain23F-1 clone. The serotypes of >95% of the penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci were included in the currently available pneumococcal vaccines. Our findings point to the recent introduction and spread of the Spain23F-1 clone of penicillin-resistant pneumococci in Vietnam. Simple clinical predictors can be used to guide empirical antibiotic therapy of meningitis. Pneumococcal vaccination may help to control this problem.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in children before and after pneumococcal vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
I. N. Protasova ◽  
S. V. Sidorenko ◽  
I. V. Feldblum ◽  
N. V. Bakhareva
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Serotype Replacement ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Before And After

Aim. To investigate how the pneumococcal vaccination affects the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes.Materials and Methods. In 2011-2019, 1,852 healthy children (1,354 aged ≤ 5 years and 480 aged from 6 to 17 years) were examined for the nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage. Of them, 539 children were tested before the start of pneumococcal vaccination (2011-2014), while 1,313 were tested during the vaccine campaign (2015-2019). Pneumococcal strains were serotyped using multiplex polymerase chain reaction.Results. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution considerably differed between children ≤ 5 and 6-17 years of age. Serotypes 23F, 19F, 19A, 6AB, and 15BC were prevalent in children ≤ 5 years of age while the older children were characterised by a high prevalence of capsular serotypes (3 and 33AF/37), serogroup 9 (9AV and 9LN), non-typeable streptococci, as well as 19F, 6AB and 6CD serotypes. Vaccination was associated with a significantly decreased prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage (from 41.5% to 19.2%) among children ≤ 5 years of age, while this reduction was less pronounced (from 13.5 to 9.0%) in older children. Vaccination led to the shift in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes towards an increased prevalence of non-vaccine serotypes that was particularly prominent in children ≤ 5 years of age. In particular, vaccination reduced the prevalence of 23F and 19A pneumococcal serotypes but heightened prevalence of 11AD serotype and to the appearance of previously undetected serotypes such as 8, 10A, 17F, 22F, 24ABF, 34, and 39.Conclusion. Pneumococcal vaccination decreased prevalence of pneumococcal carriage, yet causing a serotype replacement effect requiring improved microbiological monitoring in children of all age groups.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among adolescents

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Déa M. Cardozo ◽  
Cristiana M. Nascimento-Carvalho ◽  
Ana-Lúcia S. S. Andrade ◽  
Anníbal M. Silvany-Neto ◽  
Carla H. C. Daltro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Pneumococcal Colonization

Data on the prevalence of pneumooccal nasopharyngeal carriage and its risk factors among adolescents are scarce. The aim of this study was to provide such information. A cross-sectional, population-based prospective study was conducted. Participants were 1013 adolescents (age range 10–19 years) randomly recruited in 22 public schools. Those schools were randomly chosen among 307 public schools from 11 Sanitary Districts of Salvador, Brazil. Nasopharyngeal samples were assessed by standard procedures to recover and identify Streptococcus pneumoniae. Data on potential risk factors were gathered by confidential interview based on a standardized questionnaire. Pneumococci were recovered from 8.2 % [83/1013, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 6.6–10.0]. By stepwise logistic regression, pneumococcal colonization was independently associated with younger age [odds ratio (OR) 0.85, 95 % CI 0.77–0.94, P=0.001], being male (OR 1.78, 95 % CI 1.11–2.85, P=0.02), exposure to passive smoke in the household (OR 1.76, 95 % CI 1.10–2.79, P=0.02), having an upper respiratory infection during recruitment (OR 2.67, 95 % CI 1.67–4.28, P<0.001) and having a history involving an episode of acute asthma during the last year (OR 2.89, 95 % CI 1.18–7.08, P=0.03). The estimated probability of pneumococcal colonization decreased with age (χ 2 for trend=8.52, P=0.003). These findings provide tools for increasing the use of prevention strategies for pneumococcal diseases, such as pneumococcal vaccination among asthmatic patients and public health measures to stop smoking.

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