Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Changes of fractional anisotropy in the spinal cord and magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the primary motor cortex in relation to clinical symptoms and their duration

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Gohmann ◽  
C. Blume ◽  
M. Zvyagintsev ◽  
V. Mainz ◽  
H. Clusmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate spinal cord axonal injury in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Langston T. Holly ◽  
Bonnie Freitas ◽  
David L. McArthur ◽  
Noriko Salamon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Cellular Biochemistry

Object Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is commonly used to provide cellular and metabolic information in the management of a variety of pathological processes that affect the brain, and its application recently has been expanded to the cervical spine. The majority of radiographic investigations into the pathophysiology of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) have been focused on the spinal cord macrostructure. The authors sought to determine the feasibility of using MR spectroscopy to analyze spinal cord biochemical function in patients with CSM. Methods Twenty-one patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of CSM were prospectively enrolled in this study. The patients underwent preoperative neurological examination, functional assessment, and cervical spine MR spectroscopy. Voxels were placed at the C-2 level, and the MR spectroscopy spectra peaks for N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline, lactate (Lac), and creatine (Cr) were measured. Thirteen age-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Results The NAA/Cr ratio was significantly lower in patients with CSM than in controls (1.27 vs 1.83, respectively, p < 0.0001). The choline/Cr ratio was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Seven of the patients with CSM had a Lac peak, whereas no peaks were noted in the control group (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the severity of myelopathy and the NAA/Cr ratio in the CSM cohort. Conclusions Data in this study demonstrated the feasibility of using MR spectroscopy to evaluate the cellular biochemistry of the spinal cord in patients with CSM. Patients with CSM had a significantly lower NAA/Cr ratio than healthy controls, likely because of axonal and neuronal loss. The presence of Lac peaks in one-third of the patients in the CSM cohort further supports the role of ischemia in the pathophysiology of CSM.

scholarly journals GABA and primary motor cortex inhibition in young and older adults: a multimodal reliability study

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan A. Mooney ◽  
John Cirillo ◽  
Winston D. Byblow
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Gaba Concentration ◽  
Threshold Tracking

The effects of healthy aging on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) within primary motor cortex (M1) remain poorly understood. Studies have reported contrasting results, potentially due to limitations with the common assessment technique. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of healthy aging on M1 GABA concentration and neurotransmission using a multimodal approach. Fifteen young and sixteen older adults participated in this study. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to measure M1 GABA concentration. Single-pulse and threshold-tracking paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols were used to examine cortical silent period duration, short- and long-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI), and late cortical disinhibition (LCD). The reliability of TMS measures was examined with intraclass correlation coefficient analyses. SICI at 1 ms was reduced in older adults (15.13 ± 2.59%) compared with young (25.66 ± 1.44%; P = 0.002). However, there was no age-related effect for cortical silent period duration, SICI at 3 ms, LICI, or LCD (all P > 0.66). The intersession reliability of threshold-tracking measures was good to excellent for both young (range 0.75–0.96) and older adults (range 0.88–0.93). Our findings indicate that extrasynaptic inhibition may be reduced with advancing age, whereas GABA concentration and synaptic inhibition are maintained. Furthermore, MRS and threshold-tracking TMS provide valid and reliable assessment of M1 GABA concentration and neurotransmission, respectively, in young and older adults. NEW & NOTEWORTHY γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in primary motor cortex was assessed in young and older adults using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and threshold-tracking paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. Older adults exhibited reduced extrasynaptic inhibition (short-interval intracortical inhibition at 1 ms) compared with young, whereas GABA concentration and synaptic inhibition were similar between age groups. We demonstrate that magnetic resonance spectroscopy and threshold-tracking provide valid and reliable assessments of primary motor cortex GABA concentration and neurotransmission, respectively.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Caudal Primary Motor Cortex: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e87314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric Annweiler ◽  
Olivier Beauchet ◽  
Robert Bartha ◽  
Vladimir Hachinski ◽  
Manuel Montero-Odasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

scholarly journals Short echo-time Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in ALS, simultaneous quantification of glutamate and GABA at 3 T

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. U. Blicher ◽  
S. F. Eskildsen ◽  
T. G. Stærmose ◽  
A. T. Møller ◽  
K. Figlewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Cortical Hyperexcitability

AbstractCortical hyperexcitability has been found in early Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and is hypothesized to be a key factor in pathogenesis. The current pilot study aimed to investigate cortical inhibitory/excitatory balance in ALS using short-echo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). Patients suffering from ALS were scanned on a 3 T Trio Siemens MR scanner using Spin Echo Full Intensity Acquired Localized (SPECIAL) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in primary motor cortex and the occipital lobe. Data was compared to a group of healthy subjects. Nine patients completed the scan. MRS data was of an excellent quality allowing for quantification of a range of metabolites of interest in ALS. In motor cortex, patients had Glutamate/GABA and GABA/Cr- ratios comparable to healthy subjects. However, Glutamate/Cr (p = 0.002) and the neuronal marker N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA/Cr) (p = 0.034) were low, possibly due to grey-matter atrophy, whereas Glutathione/Cr (p = 0.04) was elevated. In patients, NAA levels correlated significantly with both hand strength (p = 0.027) and disease severity (p = 0.016). In summary SPECIAL MRS at 3 T allows of reliable quantification of a range of metabolites of interest in ALS, including both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. The method is a promising new technique as a biomarker for future studies on ALS pathophysiology and monitoring of disease progression.

scholarly journals Association between altered proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) findings and clinical symptoms of schizophrenia.

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Senair Alberto Ambros ◽  
Paulo Belmonte Abreu ◽  
Eloísa Elena Ferreira ◽  
Pdro Eugenio Ferreira ◽  
Luciana Estacia Ambros
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Disorganized Speech ◽  
The Right

Objective: To assess the metabolic alterations of the thalamus in subjects with schizophrenia compared to healthysubjects and to investigate whether specific schizophrenic symptoms are associated with metabolic alterationsmeasured by 1H MRS. Methods: This is a case-control study including patients with schizophrenia diagnosed usingthe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition, DMS-IV and the Operational CriteriaChecklist for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) was used to assessmetabolite concentrations (N-acetylaspartate, choline, creatinine, myoionositol and lactacte) in the left and rightthalamus of 13 patients with schizophrenia and 13 healthy controls. Results: In this study, concentrations ofspecific metabolites in the thalamus, determined by 1H MRS, were similar for individuals with schizophrenia andcontrols. It was observed that cases with family history of schizophrenia and disorganized speech demonstrated areduction in the ratio of the metabolites NAA /Cho in the thalamic nuclei on the right side. However, those withorganized delusions, hallucinations and non-affective auditory hallucinations had an increase of metabolites on theright side compared to the left thalamus. Decreased thalamic metabolic activity in patients with positive symptomswas observed in contrast with those who had well-organized delusions and auditory non-affective hallucinations,core symptoms of schizophrenia. Conclusion: A lateralized thalamic involvement was verified, suggesting thatorganic and genetic factors compromise the right thalamus and that the disorganization associated with delusionsand hallucinations compromises the left thalamic nuclei. Further studies to investigate the correlation betweensymptoms and thalamic dysfunction are warranted. (Rev Neuropsiquiatr 2011;74:183-190)

In vivo 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the spinal cord in humans

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 515-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gómez-Ansón ◽  
D. G. MacManus ◽  
G. J. M. Parker ◽  
C. A. Davie ◽  
G. J. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy Bodies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslaw Magierski ◽  
Tomasz Sobow
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is considered to be the second most frequent primary degenerative dementing illness after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). DLB, together with Parkinson’s disease (PD), Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD) belong toα-synucleinopathies—a group of neurodegenerative diseases associated with pathological accumulation of theα-synuclein protein. Dementia due to PD and DLB shares clinical symptoms and neuropsychological profiles. Moreover, the core features and additional clinical signs and symptoms for these two very similar diseases are largely the same. Neuroimaging seems to be a promising method in differential diagnosis of dementia studies. The development of imaging methods or other objective measures to supplement clinical criteria for DLB is needed and a method which would accurately facilitate diagnosis of DLB prior to death is still being searched. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) provides a noninvasive method of assessing anin vivobiochemistry of brain tissue. This review summarizes the main results obtained from the application of neuroimaging techniques in DLB cases focusing on1H-MRS.

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