The role of bacteria and protists in nitrogen turnover in ant nest and forest floor material: A laboratory experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Jílková ◽  
Jan Frouz ◽  
Tomáš Cajthaml ◽  
Michael Bonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Nitrogen Turnover ◽  
Ant Nest ◽  
Floor Material

The role of wood decay fungi in the carbon and nitrogen dynamics of the forest floor

2009 ◽  
pp. 151-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Watkinson ◽  
Dan Bebber ◽  
Peter Darrah ◽  
Mark Fricker ◽  
Monika Tlalka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics

Use of near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy to distinguish carbon and nitrogen originating from char and forest-floor material in soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Michel ◽  
Thomas Terhoeven-Urselmans ◽  
Renate Nitschke ◽  
Phillip Steffan ◽  
Bernard Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Mid Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Floor Material

scholarly journals Basic Income, Wages, and Productivity: A Laboratory Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veera Amanda Jokipalo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper reports the results of an economic lab experiment designed to test the impact of Basic Income (BI) on wages and productivity. The experimental design is based on the classic gift exchange game. Participants assigned the role of employer were tasked with making wage offers, and those assigned as employees chose how hard they would work in return. In addition to a control without any social security net, BI was compared to unemployment benefits, and both types of cash transfers were tested at two levels. The results are that wage offers were increased in both the BI and unemployment benefit treatments compared to the control. The higher-level BI treatment also significantly increased effort. Further experimentation could shed more light on how the potential extra value created in the labor market through increased productivity would be divided between employers and employees.

Availability of N and P in the forest floors of adjacent stands of western red cedar–western hemlock and western hemlock–amabilis fir on northern Vancouver Island

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Prescott ◽  
M.A. McDonald ◽  
G.F. Weetman
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Floor Layer ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
Floor Material

Availability of N and P was compared in the forest floors of old-growth forests of western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn)and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) (CH forests), and second-growth forests of western hemlock and amabilis fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) (HA forests) of windthrow origin. Five samples of each forest floor layer (litter, fermentation (woody and nonwoody), and humus (woody and nonwoody)) were collected from three forests of each type (CH and HA). All layers of CH forest floors had smaller concentrations of total and extractable N and mineralized less N during 40-day aerobic incubations in the laboratory. Total and extractable P was lower in the litter layer of CH forest floors. Seedlings of western red cedar, Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), western hemlock, and amabilis fir grown from seed in forest floor material from CH forests grew more slowly and took up less N and P than did seedlings grown in HA forest floor material. The low supply of N and P in CH forest floors may contribute to the nutrient supply problems encountered by regenerating trees on cutovers of this forest type.

Lying: An Experimental Investigation of the Role of Situational Factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy F. Ackert ◽  
Bryan K. Church ◽  
Xi (Jason) Kuang ◽  
Li Qi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Perceived Familiarity

ABSTRACT:Individuals often lie for psychological rewards (e.g., preserving self image and/or protecting others), absent economic rewards. We conducted a laboratory experiment, using a modified dictator game, to identify conditions that entice individuals to lie solely for psychological rewards. We argue that such lies can provide a ready means for individuals to manage others’ impression of them. We investigated the effect of social distance (the perceived familiarity, intimacy, or psychological proximity between two parties) and knowledge of circumstances (whether parties have common or asymmetric information) on the frequency of lying. We found that lying occurs more frequently when social distance is near and that the effect is exacerbated when information is asymmetric. Our theoretical development suggests that, under these conditions, individuals’ need to manage others’ impression is magnified. We discuss the implications of our findings.

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