Direct Conversion of Natural Gases in Solid Oxide Cells: A Mini-Review

In this work, we show that grafted metal oxide can be a highly cost-effective and active anode for solid oxide fuel cells for sour methane conversion.

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Manufacturing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells - Bridging the Gap from Laboratory to Industry

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1315 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 539-543 ◽

pp. 1315-1320 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Norbert H. Menzler ◽

Hans Peter Buchkremer ◽

Johannes Ernst ◽

Ralf Kauert ◽

Jürgen Ruska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cells ◽

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽

Tape Casting ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Direct Conversion ◽

Solid Oxide ◽

Stable Operation ◽

Oxide Fuel ◽

Additional Energy ◽

Manufacturing Knowledge

Due to their direct conversion of electrochemical into electrical energy solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have great potential for a future additional energy supply. Even in the last two years numerous developers of SOFCs, both industry and research institutions, have demonstrated long-term stable operation of stacks of various dimensions (ranging from 1 to 125 kWel, with durations of up to 25000 hours of operation). Besides technical proof, single component availability (cells, bipolar plates, sealing…), stable and low-aging operation, as well as cost efficient manufacturing of the components is becoming more and more evident in preparation for a market launch. Close cooperation between SOFC stack developers, SOFC users and manufacturers of powders, semifinished parts or stack components is a prerequisite for success. Within a collaboration project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Labor (BMWA) the development of an SOFC as an auxiliary power unit (APU) is being promoted. The industrial users are BMW for automotive applications and Liebherr for use in construction vehicles or aircraft. The content of this presentation will be the transfer of the manufacturing knowledge developed at Research Center Jülich to CeramTec; including on the one hand the problems and limitations and, on the other hand the successes and positive perceptions. In detail, the transfer of, for example tape casting and screen printing will be addressed, powder characteristics concerning paste or slip formulation and special tests with reference to SOFCs are presented, and single cell tests of various cells manufactured with different powders or fabrication processes are described. Additionally, some remarks will concern different priorities in either R&D or industry (e.g. R&D: high power density; industry: reproducibility), process windows for manufacturing and the search for alternative fabrication methods.

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Highly Promoted Electrocatalytic Activity of Spinel CoFe2O4 by Combination with Er0.4Bi1.6O3 as a Bifunctional Oxygen Electrode for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d1ta07494f ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Doyeub Kim ◽

Imdadullah Thaheem ◽

Hyeongmin Yu ◽

Jeong Hwa Park ◽

Kang Taek Lee

Keyword(s):

Electric Power ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Electrocatalytic Activity ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Direct Conversion ◽

Oxygen Electrode ◽

Solid Oxide ◽

Fossil Fuel Consumption

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) allow the eco-friendly and direct conversion between chemical energies (e.g., hydrogen) and electric power, effectively mitigating the environmental issues associated with excessive fossil fuel consumption. Herein,...

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Demonstration of direct conversion of CO 2 /H 2 O into syngas in a symmetrical proton-conducting solid oxide electrolyzer

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.032 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 1170-1175 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lizhen Gan ◽

Lingting Ye ◽

Shijing Wang ◽

Mingzhou Liu ◽

Shanwen Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Conversion ◽

Solid Oxide ◽

Proton Conducting

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Direct JP-8 Conversion Using a Liquid Tin Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (LTA-SOFC) for Military Applications

Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology ◽

10.1115/1.3005589 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

W. A. G. McPhee ◽

L. Bateman ◽

M. Koslowske ◽

M. Slaney ◽

Z. Uzep ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Power Density ◽

Direct Conversion ◽

Continuous Operation ◽

Solid Oxide ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Oxide Fuel ◽

Carbonaceous Fuels ◽

Tin Anode ◽

Liquid Tin

A liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell (LTA-SOFC) is actively being developed for direct utilization of JP-8 logistic fuel. Since its invention in 1998, the LTA-SOFC has demonstrated the ability to operate on various carbonaceous fuels including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon, biomass, and coal without fuel reforming or reprocessing to remove known impurities such as sulfur. Natural gas fueled 1kW stand alone prototypes for distributed power generation and have previously demonstrated over 2000h of continuous operation. The aim is to develop simple and reliable portable power that operates directly off JP-8 and other carbonaceous fuels. The current program focuses on improvement of power density and cell manufacturability. Cell geometry was modified from the previous design to optimize power density while minimizing cell weight and volume. The cell construction is a liquid tin anode housed in a porous separator, an 8mol% yttria stabilized electrolyte, and a strontium doped lanthanum magnate cathode. Experimentation was conducted on single cells at 1000°C. The JP-8 fuel used for experimentation contained a sulfur content of 1400ppm. The direct JP-8 conversion in a LTA-SOFC demonstrated up to 41% efficiency. The LTA-SOFC was also capable of maintaining greater than 30% efficiency at 70% of maximum power output at a JP-8 flow rate of 10μlmin−1. Continuous operation with direct conversion of JP-8 was sustained for over 100h with efficiencies of 41–17%. A maximum power density of 120mWcm−2 was sustainable on a JP-8 flow rate of 50μlmin−1. The current Gen 3.1 cell design can sustain a maximum power of 120mWcm−2 by direct conversion of JP-8 without fuel processing, reforming, or sulfur removal. Efficiencies of up to 41% were sustained for a minimum of 1h, with continuous operation on JP-8 for over 100h. Further performance improvements are anticipated, thereby facilitating LTA-SOFCs use for military and civilian applications that demand flexible fuel.

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Use of the Magnetostatic Analogue In Electromagnetic Lens Engineering

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100068795 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 360-361

Author(s):

John W. Coleman

Keyword(s):

Boundary Conditions ◽

High Performance ◽

Force Fields ◽

Optical Design ◽

Direct Conversion ◽

Design Engineering ◽

Design Data ◽

Scalar Potentials ◽

Geometric Elements ◽

At Will

In the design engineering of high performance electromagnetic lenses, the direct conversion of electron optical design data into drawings for reliable hardware is oftentimes difficult, especially in terms of how to mount parts to each other, how to tolerance dimensions, and how to specify finishes. An answer to this is in the use of magnetostatic analytics, corresponding to boundary conditions for the optical design. With such models, the magnetostatic force on a test pole along the axis may be examined, and in this way one may obtain priority listings for holding dimensions, relieving stresses, etc..The development of magnetostatic models most easily proceeds from the derivation of scalar potentials of separate geometric elements. These potentials can then be conbined at will because of the superposition characteristic of conservative force fields.

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