Manufacturing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells - Bridging the Gap from Laboratory to Industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 1315-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert H. Menzler ◽  
Hans Peter Buchkremer ◽  
Johannes Ernst ◽  
Ralf Kauert ◽  
Jürgen Ruska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Tape Casting ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Manufacturing Knowledge

Due to their direct conversion of electrochemical into electrical energy solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have great potential for a future additional energy supply. Even in the last two years numerous developers of SOFCs, both industry and research institutions, have demonstrated long-term stable operation of stacks of various dimensions (ranging from 1 to 125 kWel, with durations of up to 25000 hours of operation). Besides technical proof, single component availability (cells, bipolar plates, sealing…), stable and low-aging operation, as well as cost efficient manufacturing of the components is becoming more and more evident in preparation for a market launch. Close cooperation between SOFC stack developers, SOFC users and manufacturers of powders, semifinished parts or stack components is a prerequisite for success. Within a collaboration project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Labor (BMWA) the development of an SOFC as an auxiliary power unit (APU) is being promoted. The industrial users are BMW for automotive applications and Liebherr for use in construction vehicles or aircraft. The content of this presentation will be the transfer of the manufacturing knowledge developed at Research Center Jülich to CeramTec; including on the one hand the problems and limitations and, on the other hand the successes and positive perceptions. In detail, the transfer of, for example tape casting and screen printing will be addressed, powder characteristics concerning paste or slip formulation and special tests with reference to SOFCs are presented, and single cell tests of various cells manufactured with different powders or fabrication processes are described. Additionally, some remarks will concern different priorities in either R&D or industry (e.g. R&D: high power density; industry: reproducibility), process windows for manufacturing and the search for alternative fabrication methods.

Al2O3 toughening ScSZ electrolyte fabricated by water-based tape casting technique for solid oxide fuel cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Haoran Wang ◽  
Ze Lei ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Yongkang Li ◽  
Junmeng Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Tape Casting ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Electrolyte Film ◽  
Water Based

Abstract A water-based tape casting slurry is reported to prepare the ceria and scandia co-doped zirconia (ScSZ) electrolyte films. The slurry is characterized and optimized through Zeta potential and rheological property measurements. Smooth and flat ScSZ electrolyte films are obtained by improving the sintering process. The microstructure, electrical performance, and mechanical property of ScSZ with adding different contents of Al2O3 are also investigated. The results show that a proper amount of Al2O3 has a beneficial effect on the densification of ScSZ. Significant decrease at the grain boundary resistance of ScSZ is observed by Al2O3 addition. The bending strength of the sample with 0.5 wt.% Al2O3 (ScSZ-0.5A) is about 400 MPa, which is 20% higher than pure ScSZ. The ScSZ-0.5A electrolyte film fabricated by water-based tape casting method shows appropriate electrical conductivity and high mechanical strength, which is promising for the practical application in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).

A study of short stack with large area solid oxide fuel cells by aqueous tape casting

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (40) ◽  
pp. 18203-18206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Qinglin Liu ◽  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Siew Hwa Chan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Tape Casting ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Large Area

Characterization of SOFCS: A Crystallographic Analysis and First Steps towards an Impedance Spectroscopy Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 769-774
Author(s):  
A. Ávila ◽  
J. Poveda ◽  
D. Gómez ◽  
D. Hotza ◽  
J. Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Different Temperatures

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have emerged as an efficient way to transform chemical energy into electrical energy. However, a major disadvantage of this technology is related to the high temperatures required for SOFC operation. In this way, new materials are necessary to maintain the electrical properties of the cell at intermediate temperatures. Based on these ideas, it is necessary to study both the structural variation of the cells components at different temperatures and their electrochemical behavior. In this work, a crystallographic characterization is presented, which was performed in a commercial SOFC cell using X-ray diffraction (XRD). An equivalent linear electrical model to predict SOFC losses is developed as well. Keywords: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs); AC impedance; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); Equivalent circuit models.

Highly cost-effective and sulfur/coking resistant VOx-grafted TiO2 nanoparticles as an efficient anode catalyst for direct conversion of dry sour methane in solid oxide fuel cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (47) ◽  
pp. 23973-23980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Garcia ◽  
Ning Yan ◽  
Adrien Vincent ◽  
Anand Singh ◽  
Josephine M. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Methane Conversion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Anode Catalyst

In this work, we show that grafted metal oxide can be a highly cost-effective and active anode for solid oxide fuel cells for sour methane conversion.

Fabrication and Characterization of Graded Anodes for Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Tape Casting and Lamination

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Beltran-Lopez ◽  
M. A. Laguna-Bercero ◽  
J. Gurauskis ◽  
J. I. Peña
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Tape Casting ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

Fabrication of the Anode Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Tape-Casting Process and Infiltration Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 783 ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Jin Kwon ◽  
Young Bae Han
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Tape Casting ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Infiltration Method

The hydrogen is promising energy carrier due to its high energy density, convenient transportation, eternal sources in the earth and cleanness. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have not been commercialized yet even though it has been studied for decades. The issues about solid oxide fuel cells are manufacturing process and electrochemical performance. Tape-casting process has an advantage of cost reduction for mass production. it is reported that infiltration improves electrochemical performance of SOFCs by enhancing the three phase boundary (TPB) and porosity. To fabricate the electrode with porous scaffold structure for infiltration, pore formers were added in the tape-casting slurry. In this study, four types of mixtures of several pore formers such as carbon black, graphite, poly methyl methacrylate and glassy carbon were estimated. Micro structure of each type is investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM). The thickness of the unit cell manufactured by tape-casting is in the range of 200 - 250 μm. The fabricated unit cell with carbon black and glassy carbon shows the open circuit voltage 1.07 V at 800°C. As a result of the study, mixed ratio of pore formers was researched for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells manufacturing process applied by tape-casting and infiltration method.

scholarly journals Failure Modes, Mechanisms, Effects, and Criticality Analysis of Ceramic Anodes of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Nripendra Patel ◽  
Sean Bishop ◽  
Robert Utter ◽  
Diganta Das ◽  
Michael Pecht
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
All Ceramic ◽  
Criticality Analysis

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a highly efficient chemical to electrical energy conversion devices that have potential in a global energy strategy. The wide adoption of SOFCs is currently limited by cost and concerns about cell durability. Improved understanding of their degradation modes and mechanisms combined with reduction–oxidation stable anodes via all-ceramic-anode cell technology are expected to lead to durability improvements, while economies of scale for production will mitigate cost of commercialization. This paper presents an Ishikawa analysis and a failure modes, mechanisms, effects, and criticality analysis (FMMECA) for all-ceramic anode based SOFCs. FMMECA takes into account the life cycle conditions, multiple failure mechanisms, and their potential effects on fuel-cell health and safety.

Development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) by tape-casting and single-step co-firing of monolithic laminates

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2313-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-ha Myung ◽  
Hyun Jun Ko ◽  
Chang Hyeok Im ◽  
Jooho Moon ◽  
Sang-Hoon Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Tape Casting ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel
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