Ensembles of the leaf trichomes of Arabidopsis thaliana selectively vibrate in the frequency range of its primary insect herbivore

AbstractZinc (Zn) is a key micronutrient. In humans, Zn deficiency is a common nutritional disorder, and most people acquire dietary Zn from eating plants. In plants, Zn deficiency can decrease plant growth and yield. Understanding Zn homeostasis in plants can improve agriculture and human health. While root Zn transporters in plat model species have been characterized in detail, comparatively little is known about shoot processes controlling Zn concentrations and spatial distribution. Previous work showed that Zn hyperaccumulator species such as Arabidopsis halleri accumulate Zn and other metals in leaf trichomes. The model species Arabidopsis thaliana is a non-accumulating plant, and to date there is no systematic study regarding Zn accumulation in A. thaliana trichomes. Here, we used Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence mapping to show that Zn accumulates at the base of trichomes of A. thaliana, as had seen previously for hyperaccumulators. Using transgenic and natural accessions of A. thaliana that vary in bulk leaf Zn concentration, we demonstrated that higher leaf Zn increases total Zn found at the base of trichome cells. Furthermore, our data suggests that Zn accumulates in the trichome apoplast, likely associated with the cell wall. Our data indicates that Zn accumulation in trichomes is a function of the Zn status of the plant, and provides the basis for future studies on a genetically tractable plant species aiming at understanding the molecular steps involved in Zn spatial distribution in leaves.

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Differential Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Genotypes Exhibiting Resistance or Susceptibility to the Insect Herbivore, Plutella xylostella

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0010103 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. e10103 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Richard M. Collins ◽

Muhammed Afzal ◽

Deborah A. Ward ◽

Mark C. Prescott ◽

Steven M. Sait ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Insect Herbivore

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Variation in trichome density and resistance against a specialist insect herbivore in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana

Ecological Entomology ◽

10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00699.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 284-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Richard Handley ◽

Barbara Ekbom ◽

Jon Agren

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Insect Herbivore ◽

Trichome Density ◽

Specialist Insect

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Modulation of flavonoid metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana through overexpression of the MYB75 transcription factor: role of kaempferol-3,7-dirhamnoside in resistance to the specialist insect herbivore Pieris brassicae

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eru096 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (8) ◽

pp. 2203-2217 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Nawaporn Onkokesung ◽

Michael Reichelt ◽

Arjen van Doorn ◽

Robert C. Schuurink ◽

Joop J.A. van Loon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Pieris Brassicae ◽

Insect Herbivore ◽

Specialist Insect

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Density-based discrimination of protein and RNA in the ribosome

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100122721 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 464-465

Author(s):

Joachim Frank

Keyword(s):

Transfer Function ◽

Spatial Frequency ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Wiener Filter ◽

Dark Field Image ◽

Dark Field ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Bright Field ◽

Contrast Transfer Function ◽

Pass Filter

Cryo-electron microscopy combined with single-particle reconstruction techniques has allowed us to form a three-dimensional image of the Escherichia coli ribosome.In the interior, we observe strong density variations which may be attributed to the difference in scattering density between ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein. This identification can only be tentative, and lacks quantitation at this stage, because of the nature of image formation by bright field phase contrast. Apart from limiting the resolution, the contrast transfer function acts as a high-pass filter which produces edge enhancement effects that can explain at least part of the observed variations. As a step toward a more quantitative analysis, it is necessary to correct the transfer function in the low-spatial-frequency range. Unfortunately, it is in that range where Fourier components unrelated to elastic bright-field imaging are found, and a Wiener-filter type restoration would lead to incorrect results. Depending upon the thickness of the ice layer, a varying contribution to the Fourier components in the low-spatial-frequency range originates from an “inelastic dark field” image. The only prospect to obtain quantitatively interpretable images (i.e., which would allow discrimination between rRNA and protein by application of a density threshold set to the average RNA scattering density may therefore lie in the use of energy-filtering microscopes.

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Evaluation of Special Hearing Aids for Deaf Children

Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders ◽

10.1044/jshd.3604.527 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 527-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Norman P. Erber

Keyword(s):

Hearing Aids ◽

High Frequency ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Acoustic Stimulation ◽

Deaf Children ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Frequency Limit ◽

Unpublished Studies ◽

Published Research

Two types of special hearing aid have been developed recently to improve the reception of speech by profoundly deaf children. In a different way, each special system provides greater low-frequency acoustic stimulation to deaf ears than does a conventional hearing aid. One of the devices extends the low-frequency limit of amplification; the other shifts high-frequency energy to a lower frequency range. In general, previous evaluations of these special hearing aids have obtained inconsistent or inconclusive results. This paper reviews most of the published research on the use of special hearing aids by deaf children, summarizes several unpublished studies, and suggests a set of guidelines for future evaluations of special and conventional amplification systems.

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