Impacts of building envelope design factors upon energy loads and their optimization in US standard climate zones using experimental design

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Gil Yong ◽  
Jong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Yuseong Gim ◽  
Jinho Kim ◽  
Jinkyun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Design Factors

Number of Shoes Tested During a Running Shoe Mass Perception Task May Not Influence Accuracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
James G. Saxton ◽  
Joel G. Greenya ◽  
Christopher L. Kliethermes ◽  
David S. Senchina
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Mass Accuracy ◽  
Testing Session ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Order Task ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
Analogue Scales

Commercially available running shoes differ in terms of their relative masses. It is unclear how well consumers may be able to judge mass differences from wearing alone, though previous studies suggest that perceptual outcomes may be influenced by experimental design factors such as the length of time worn. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the number of shoes used in a testing session impacts wearers' mass perceptual accuracy. Forty-eight young adult males ran for 5 min in 4 pairs of shoes (their own running shoes plus 3 unfamiliar pairs) before being asked whether an unfamiliar running shoe was heavier or lighter than their own, and to indicate perceptions of shoe heaviness (mass), comfort, stability, and temperature using visual analogue scales (VAS). A subset (n=18) was also asked to provide global rank orderings after wearing all 4 pairs of shoes. Participants were 67% accurate in the heavier/lighter task and 64% accurate in the global rank order task. Global rank order scores and VAS heaviness marks were significantly and positively correlated. Mass accuracy scores (n=48) were then compared to a previous study (n=25) performed by the same investigators using the same methods but with 6 pairs of shoes instead of 4. No difference in accuracy scores for either the heavier/lighter comparisons or global rank order scores between the study populations was found, suggesting that the number of test shoes may not influence mass perception accuracy.

scholarly journals BIM and BEM Methodologies Integration in Energy-Efficient Buildings Using Experimental Design

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Jorge González ◽  
Carlos Alberto Pereira Soares ◽  
Mohammad Najjar ◽  
Assed N. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Energy Modelling ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Energetic Performance

Linking Building Information Modelling and Building Energy Modelling methodologies appear as a tool for the energy performance analysis of a dwelling, being able to build the physical model via Autodesk Revit and simulating the energy modeling with its complement Autodesk Insight. A residential two-story house was evaluated in five different locations within distinct climatic zones to reduce its electricity demand. Experimental Design is used as a methodological tool to define the possible arrangement of results emitted via Autodesk Insight that exhibits the minor electric demand, considering three variables: Lighting efficiency, Plug-Load Efficiency, and HVAC systems. The analysis concluded that while the higher the efficiency of lighting and applications, the lower the electric demand. In addition, the type of climate and thermal characteristics of the materials that conform to the building envelope have significant effects on the energetic performance. The adjustment of different energetic measures and its comparison with other climatic zones enable decision-makers to choose the best combination of variables for developing strategies to lower the electric demand towards energy-efficient buildings.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Techno-Economic Optimization of Design Parameters for Residential Buildings in Different Climate Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Georg Frey
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Load ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Climate Zones

The comprehensive approach for a building envelope design involves building performance simulations, which are time-consuming and require knowledge of complicated processes. In addition, climate variation makes the selection of these parameters more complex. The paper aims to establish guidelines for determining a single-family household’s unique optimal passive design in various climate zones worldwide. For this purpose, a bi-objective optimization is performed for twenty-four locations in twenty climates by coupling TRNSYS and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) using the Python program. The optimization process generates Pareto fronts of thermal load and investment cost to identify the optimum design options for the insulation level of the envelope, window aperture for passive cooling, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), shading fraction, radiation-based shading control, and building orientation. The goal is to find a feasible trade-off between thermal energy demand and the cost of thermal insulation. This is achieved using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) through criteria importance using intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results demonstrate that an optimal envelope design remarkably improves the thermal load compared to the base case of previous envelope design practices. However, the weather conditions strongly influence the design parameters. The research findings set a benchmark for energy-efficient household envelopes in the investigated climates. The optimal solution sets also provide a criterion for selecting the ranges of envelope design parameters according to the space heating and cooling demands of the climate zone.

scholarly journals Parametric Design to Maximize Solar Irradiation and Minimize the Embodied GHG Emissions for a ZEB in Nordic and Mediterranean Climate Zones

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4981
Author(s):  
Mattia Manni ◽  
Gabriele Lobaccaro ◽  
Nicola Lolli ◽  
Rolf Andre Bohne
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Early Design

This work presents a validated workflow based on an algorithm developed in Grasshopper to parametrically control the building’s shape, by maximizing the solar irradiation incident on the building envelope and minimizing the embodied emissions. The algorithm is applied to a zero-emission building concept in Nordic and Mediterranean climate zones. The algorithm enables conducting both energy and environmental assessments through Ladybug tools. The emissions embodied in materials and the solar irradiation incident on the building envelope were estimated in the early design stage. A three-steps optimization process through evolutionary solvers, such as Galapagos (one-objective) and Octopus (multi-objective), has been conducted to shape the most environmentally responsive ZEB model in both climates. The results demonstrated the replicability of the algorithm to optimize the solar irradiation by producing an increment of solar incident irradiation equal to 35% in the Mediterranean area, and to 20% in the Nordic climate. This could contribute to compensate the additional 15% of emissions due to the higher quantities of employed materials in the optimized design. The developed approach, which is based on the parametric design principles for ZEBs, represents a support instrument for designers to develop highly efficient energy solutions in the early design stages.

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FACTORS ON CULTURING AND TOXICITY TESTING OF CERIODAPHNIA DUBIA

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Cooney ◽  
G.M. DeGraeve ◽  
E.L. Moore ◽  
B.J. Lenoble ◽  
T.L. Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Dubia ◽  
Design Factors

Dynamics of gastropod infection by first-stage larvae of protostrongylid nematodes — a model

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Řezáč ◽  
P. Kindlmann ◽  
I. Dostálková ◽  
E. Holasová
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Infective Larva ◽  
Snail Infection ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Penetration Probability

SUMMARYFor the description of the dynamics of snail infection by the 1st-stage larvae of protostrongylid nematodes, Skorping (1988) used the miracidia-snail model (Anderson, 1978). Here it is shown that, in contrast to miracidia, in protostrongylids the instantaneous rate of infection, α, is strongly dependent on the experimental design (factors like host size and size of the experimental arena). With respect to this, Anderson's model is modified by incorporation of the experimental design. The parameter α in its new sense as the rate of penetration (probability that the infective larva will penetrate into the host during a time unit) is shown to remain dependent, although much less so, on the experimental design. Only the inclusion of the assumed effect of mucus, which decreases the rate of penetration, yields a parameter α0 (the initial rate of penetration), which is completely independent of the design of the experiment, is species-specific, and also gives the best fit to the empirical data. As the above-mentioned factors can strongly influence the value of the instantaneous rate of infection in the laboratory experiments, α0 is more suitable as a measure of either the larval infectivity for the snail or snail susceptibility to infection by the protostrongylid larvae.

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