scholarly journals Heat load assessment in Central European cities using an urban climate model and observational monitoring data

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Bokwa ◽  
Jan Geletič ◽  
Michal Lehnert ◽  
Maja Žuvela-Aloise ◽  
Brigitta Hollósi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Load ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Cities

scholarly journals Urban climate in Central European cities and global climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 51-52 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Bokwa ◽  
Petr Dobrovolný ◽  
Tamás Gál ◽  
Jan Geletič ◽  
Ágnes Gulyás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The Impact

Urban areas are among those most endangered with the potential global climate changes. The studies concerning the impact of global changes on local climate of cities are of a high significance for the urban inhabitants' health and wellbeing. This paper is the final report of a project (Urban climate in Central European cities and global climate change) with the aim to raise the public awareness on those issues in five Central European cities: Szeged (Hungary), Brno (Czech Republic), Bratislava (Slovakia), Kraków (Poland) and Vienna (Austria). Within the project, complex data concerning local geomorphological features, land use and long-term climatological data were used to perform the climate modelling analyses using the model MUKLIMO_3 provided by the German Weather Service (DWD).

scholarly journals Data for the geoecology of solution karst dolines, with particular attention to climatic, soil and biogenic environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-71
Author(s):  
Ilona Bárány Kevei ◽  
Zoltán Zboray ◽  
Márton Kiss
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Tropical Night ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Local Climate Zones

In this study the changes in the nighttime heat load in Carpathian Basin cities during the 21st century were examined. To quantify the heat load, the tropical night climate index was used. The MUKLIMO_3 local scale climate model was used to describe the urban processes and the land use classes were defined by the local climate zones. The expected change was examined over three periods: the 1981–2010 was taken as reference period using the Carpatclim database and the 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 future periods using EURO-CORDEX regional model simulation data for two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). To combine the detailed spatial resolution and the long time series, a downscaling method was applied. Our results show that spectacular changes could be in the number of tropical nights during the 21st century and the increasing effect of the urban landform is obvious. In the near future, a slight increase can be expected in the number of tropical nights, which magnitude varies from city to city and there is no major difference between the scenarios. However, at the end of the century the results of the two scenarios differ: the values can be 15-25 nights in case of RCP4.5 and 30-50 nights in case of RCP8.5. The results show that dwellers could be exposed to high heat load in the future, as the combined effect of climate change and urban climate, thus developing various mitigation and adaptation strategies is crucial.

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of land-use change on the heat load within two Austrian cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Goler ◽  
Maja Žuvela-Aloise ◽  
Sandro Oswald ◽  
Brigitta Holllósi ◽  
Claudia Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Use Categories

<p>As the majority of the population live in cities, it is important to understand the urban climate and how it can change in the future. Accordingly, the ACRP-funded project LUCRETIA investigates how land use and land cover determine local climate characteristics within cities in Austria. </p><p>Historical land use data has been obtained for Graz and Vienna for a number of years and used as input into the microscale urban climate model MUKLIMO_3 to simulate both cities in conditions representing a typical summer day. In conjunction with the cuboid method, climate indices such as the average number of summer and hot days per year have been calculated to establish how the heat load changes from one year to another. Differences in the heat load have been related to changes in the land use focusing on (i) the change that occurs in situ and (ii) the change that occurs in the neighbourhood. <br> <br>It is shown that land use categories can be ordered according to their heat load, with categories containing larger amounts of greenery generally having lower heat loads. With the land use categories sorted in such a way, it enables a relatively quick assessment to be made of the effect of replacing one land use category with another, without having to employ expensive modelling tools. Furthermore, it is shown that land-use changes not only affect the heat load of the changed area in situ, but also the neighbourhood around where the change was made. This demonstrates that land-use changes may have a broader spatial impact than initially anticipated. The results from this study can serve as guidance for city planners regarding future land use and land cover changes.</p>

scholarly journals Estimation of Climate-Change Impacts on the Urban Heat Load Using an Urban Climate Model and Regional Climate Projections

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Früh ◽  
Paul Becker ◽  
Thomas Deutschländer ◽  
Johann-Dirk Hessel ◽  
Meinolf Kossmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Urban Heat

Abstract A pragmatic approach to estimate the impact of climate change on the urban environment, here called the cuboid method, is presented. This method allows one to simulate the urban heat load and the frequency of air temperature threshold exceedances using only eight microscale urban climate simulations for each relevant wind direction and time series of daily meteorological parameters either from observations or regional climate projections. Eight representative simulations are designed to encompass all major potential urban heat-stress conditions. From these representative simulations, the urban-heat-load conditions in any weather situation are derived by interpolation. The presented approach is applied to study possible future heat load in Frankfurt, Germany, using the high-resolution Microscale Urban Climate Model in three dimensions (MUKLIMO_3). To estimate future changes in heat-load-related climate indices in Frankfurt, climate projections from the regional climate models Max Planck Institute Regional Model (REMO), Climate Limited-Area Model (CLM), Wetterlagen-basierte Regionalisierungsmethode (WETTREG), and Statistical Regional Model (STAR) are used. These regional climate models are driven by the “ECHAM5” general circulation model and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emission scenario A1B. For the mean annual number of days with a maximum daily temperature exceeding 25°C, a comparison between the cuboid method results from observed and projected regional climate time series of the period 1971–2000 shows good agreement, except for CLM for which a clear underestimation is found. On the basis of the 90% significance level of all four regional climate models, the mean annual number of days with a maximum daily temperature exceeding 25°C in Frankfurt is expected to increase by 5–32 days for 2021–50 as compared with 1971–2000.

scholarly journals NPAHs and OPAHs in the atmosphere of two central European cities: Seasonality, urban-to-background gradients, cancer risks and gas-to-particle partitioning

2021 ◽  
pp. 148528
Author(s):  
Céline Degrendele ◽  
Tjaša Kanduč ◽  
David Kocman ◽  
Gerhard Lammel ◽  
Adriana Cambelová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Cities

scholarly journals Advantages of using a fast urban canopy model as compared to a full mesoscale model to simulate the urban heat island of Barcelona

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. García-Díez ◽  
D. Lauwaet ◽  
H. Hooyberghs ◽  
J. Ballester ◽  
K. De Ridder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Urban Canopy Model ◽  
Canopy Model

Abstract. As most of the population lives in urban environments, the simulation of the urban climate has become a key problem in the framework of the climate change impact assessment. However, the high computational power required by these simulations is a severe limitation. Here we present a study on the performance of a Urban Climate Model (UrbClim), designed to be several orders of magnitude faster than a full-fledge mesoscale model. The simulations are validated with station data and with land surface temperature observations retrieved by satellites. To explore the advantages of using a simple model like UrbClim, the results are compared with a simulation carried out with a state-of-the-art mesoscale model, the Weather Research and Forecasting model, using an Urban Canopy model. The effect of using different driving data is explored too, by using both relatively low resolution reanalysis data (70 km) and a higher resolution forecast model (15 km). The results show that, generally, the performance of the simple model is comparable to or better than the mesoscale model. The exception are the winds and the day-to-day correlation in the reanalysis driven run, but these problems disappear when taking the boundary conditions from the higher resolution forecast model.

scholarly journals GIS-based delineation of local climate zones: The case of medium-sized Central European cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Geletič ◽  
Michal Lehnert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Local Climate Zones

Abstract Stewart and Oke (2012) recently proposed the concept of Local Climate Zones (LCZ) to describe the siting of urban meteorological stations and to improve the presentation of results amongst researchers. There is now a concerted effort, however, within the field of urban climate studies to map the LCZs across entire cities, providing a means to compare the internal structure of urban areas in a standardised way and to enable the comparison of cities. We designed a new GIS-based LCZ mapping method for Central European cities and compiled LCZ maps for three selected medium-sized Central European cities: Brno, Hradec Králové, and Olomouc (Czech Republic). The method is based on measurable physical properties and a clearly defined decision-making algorithm. Our analysis shows that the decision-making algorithm for defining the percentage coverage for individual LCZs showed good agreement (in 79–89% of cases) with areas defined on the basis of expert knowledge. When the distribution of LCZs on the basis of our method and the method of Bechtel and Daneke (2012) was compared, the results were broadly similar; however, considerable differences occurred for LCZs 3, 5, 10, D, and E. It seems that Central European cities show a typical spatial pattern of LCZ distribution but that rural settlements in the region also regularly form areas of built-type LCZ classes. The delineation and description of the spatial distribution of LCZs is an important step towards the study of urban climates in a regional setting.

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