Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction in a power system predominantly based on lignite

As European Union (EU) candidate country, Macedonia is in the process of adoption of the EU strategic energy policies, harmonization of the national legislation with the EU legislation and defining the respective national goals. In this regard, the government has recently adopted a National Strategy for Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), prepared by ICEIM-MANU. The main goal of this paper is to assess the potential for greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction by implementation of 21%-RES-scenarios from the Strategy. The corresponding emissions reduction is calculated against the baseline (reference) scenario developed within the Second National Communication on Climate Change. Furthermore, all potential RES technologies are analyzed from economic aspect and combined in a form of emissions reduction cost curve, displaying the total marginal cost of the GHG emissions reduction by RES. Finally, on the bases of the environmental and economic effectiveness of the considered RES technologies, as well as taking into account the country specific barriers, the priority actions for GHG emissions reduction are identified.

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Energy and resources cooperation for greenhouse gases emissions reduction of industrial sector

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1177/0958305x20949957 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0958305X2094995

Author(s):

Parakram Pyakurel ◽

Laurie Wright

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Industrial Ecology ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Sharing Economy ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Business Studies ◽

Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽

Development And Management

Energy and resources cooperation has a great potential of reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of companies, especially in industrial and business parks where facilities are located in geographical proximity. Such cooperation could cut emissions without significant impact on profit, and in some cases, may even reduce costs by decreasing waste generation and improving energy efficiency. This paper combines similar themes of industrial symbiosis, sharing economy and circular economy to formulate a single robust concept of energy and resources cooperation. A framework and methodology for mass implementation of energy and resources cooperation is proposed by integrating disparate fields of industrial ecology, business studies and industrial investments. Furthermore, an approach of enhancing such cooperation is proposed which involves an establishment of a specialized Cooperation Development and Management Company. Finally, research agenda is set out to capitalise the developments of industry 4.0 and peer to peer sharing for energy and resources cooperation.

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The need for clearer climate target definitions - illustrating ambiguities of net zero CO2-eq targets

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12998 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nadine Mengis ◽

Andreas Oschlies

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Anthropogenic Emissions ◽

Short Term ◽

Climate Target ◽

Climate Targets ◽

Net Zero ◽

Natural Carbon

Article 4 of the Paris Agreement calls for a &#8220;balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century&#8221;. It is not made explicit if this balance should be achieved for each of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) individually or if some sum of all GHGs is supposed to become net-zero. This confusion translated into several declared climate targets, that range from carbon-neutral, over GHG-neutral to climate-neutral, and sometimes use these terms interchangingly. However, these targets imply different trajectories in terms of single GHG emissions and result in vastly different temperature trajectories. Here, we show the implications of this confusion concerning declared climate target metrics, using the most commonly used metric of CO2-equivalent emissions. The same trajectory of net-zero-2050 CO2-equivalent emissions, shows vast differences in short term and long-term temperature and carbon cycle responses, depending on the distribution of CO2-equivalent emissions across the different GHGs. We emphasize that achieving net zero CO2 emissions remains a necessary precondition for long-term temperature stabilization. We also show that methane emissions reduction can have large short term benefits, as it would strongly reduce the short term temperature and thereby increase the natural carbon uptake. Going forward we recommend to aim for more transparency in declared climate goals and suggest aiming to achieve net zero anthropogenic emissions for all GHGs individually.

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Estimates of greenhouse gases emissions reduction potential in Kazakhstan by 2030 in connection with its commitments in the Paris Climate Agreement

RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety ◽

10.22363/2313-2310-2019-27-1-7-16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 7-16

Author(s):

Ivan S Istomin ◽

Nikolai M Dronin

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Power Plants ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽

Technological Modernization ◽

Climate Convention ◽

Paris Climate Agreement ◽

Business As Usual

Prospects for achieving the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Kazakhstan in the framework of the Paris climate convention was assessed through projections of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of 31 large energy enterprises by 2030. The total CO2 emissions of these enterprises reach 86,9 million tons or 26,5 % of the country’s GHG emissions. For projection of the GHG emissions of the selected power plants three scenarios - “business as usual” (trend), “moderate modernization” and “full modernization” - were designed. “The unconditional target” would remain unachievable in the “business as usual” and even “moderate modernization” scenarios. However, the scenario of “full modernization” allows reaching “the unconditional target” with a good reserve. Moreover, this scenario allows reaching “the conditional target”. Our assessment of potential for reduction of the GHG emissions shows that Kazakhstan’s commitments in the Paris climate convention are very responsible. To meet these commitments technological modernization of the entire industrial sector of the country would be required. It could be achieved only by full mobilization of material and financial resources.

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Biofuels carbon footprints: Whole-systems optimisation for GHG emissions reduction

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.020 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 102 (16) ◽

pp. 7457-7465 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Andrea Zamboni ◽

Richard J. Murphy ◽

Jeremy Woods ◽

Fabrizio Bezzo ◽

Nilay Shah

Keyword(s):

Ghg Emissions ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Carbon Footprints ◽

Whole Systems

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Three-Dimensional Decomposition Models for Chinese Manufacturing Subsector over 1996-2008

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.3004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 291-294 ◽

pp. 3004-3013

Author(s):

Ding Ma ◽

Li Ning Wang ◽

Wen Ying Chen

Keyword(s):

Energy Intensity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Carbon Intensity ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Country Level ◽

Rapid Economic Growth ◽

Decomposition Models ◽

Energy And Climate Policy ◽

The Impact

At a time of increased international concern and negotiation for GHG emissions reduction, country studies on the underlying effects of GHG growth gain importance. China experienced continuous, rapid economic growth over the past. At the same time, energy consumption and CO2 emissions increased rapidly while the energy intensity and carbon intensity showed a downward trend at country level. What factors were driving this change? What measures can be adopted to ensure the continual decrease of energy intensity and carbon intensity? The refined IDA method is employed in this paper to identify the impact of each factor. A year-by-year decomposition is carried out at sector level, and various interesting results on the underlying effects are found. The results yield important hints for the planning of energy and climate policy.

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The Innovative Technology of Hydraulic Compression and Boosting for Filling the Vehicles and Storage Systems with Natural Gas and Biomethane

Environmental and Climate Technologies ◽

10.2478/rtuect-2020-0087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 80-93

Author(s):

Aleksey Safronov ◽

Julia Guzeyeva ◽

Jevgeniy Begens ◽

Ansis Mezulis

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Storage Systems ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Innovative Technology ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Gas Network ◽

Natural Gas Network ◽

Natural Gas Vehicles ◽

And Storage

AbstractThe article describes the technology of the “hydraulic piston”, as well as the studies that confirm the viability of this technology, implemented in various devices, designed to compress natural gas (CNG) and biomethane (bio-CNG), to accumulate CNG and bio-CNG, to deliver bio-CNG from the production site to the point of its injection into the natural gas network or to the vehicle fuelling stations to fill the Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV). The article presents prototypes of personal fuelling devices and mobile fuelling systems developed by Hygen Ltd. (Hygen), thereby showing the potential of the technology to contribute in the deployment of alternative fuel infrastructure and into the global GHG emissions reduction, mainly in the transport sector.

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Influence Mechanism on Supplier Emission Reduction Based on a Two-Level Supply Chain

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182312439 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 12439

Author(s):

Lina Ma ◽

Xinran Zhang ◽

Yushen Du

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Social Welfare ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Optimal Choice ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Governmental Intervention ◽

The Government ◽

Reduction Effort ◽

Better Than

The purpose of this paper is to investigate environmental performance of a supply chain which consists of an upstream supplier and a downstream firm. A mathematical model considering both downstream firm’s monitoring and governmental intervention is developed. Afterwards, a numerical example is presented to show the equilibriums of these models and the optimal choices of firms and government. The results show that when customers’ environmental awareness increases, both total environmental impact and social welfare decrease. The downstream firm’s monitoring will certainly reduce the total environmental impact. In most cases, it does not matter whether the downstream firm chooses to monitor the supplier or not, the total environmental impact and social welfare would not be affected when the government chooses subsidy. If a subsidy is present, firms and environment will be better than those without subsidy. Hence, the government is more likely to choose to provide subsidy and the downstream firm will not monitor the supplier’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction effort. In a few cases when environmental impact is too large, taxation may be the optimal choice for the government and the downstream firm will choose to monitor the supplier’s GHG emissions reduction investment.

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