Technological learning and the future of solar H2: A component learning comparison of solar thermochemical cycles and electrolysis with solar PV

Energy Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Haltiwanger Nicodemus
Keyword(s):  
Solar Pv ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Technological Learning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Solar Thermochemical

Air separation via two-step solar thermochemical cycles based on SrFeO3−δ and (Ba,La)0.15Sr0.85FeO3−δ perovskite reduction/oxidation reactions to produce N2: rate limiting mechanism(s) determination

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (35) ◽  
pp. 19280-19288
Author(s):  
Nhu Pailes Nguyen ◽  
Tyler P. Farr ◽  
H. Evan Bush ◽  
Andrea Ambrosini ◽  
Peter G. Loutzenhiser
Keyword(s):  
Air Separation ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Reversible Reactions ◽  
Solar Thermochemical ◽  
Rate Limiting

Two-step solar thermochemical cycles based on reversible reactions of SrFeO3−δ and (Ba,La)0.15Sr0.85FeO3−δ perovskites were considered for air separation.

Solar Thermochemical Production of Fuels

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Meier ◽  
Aldo Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Solar Thermochemical

High-temperature thermochemical processes efficiently convert concentrated solar energy into storable and transportable fuels. In the long run, H2O/CO2-splitting thermochemical cycles based on metal oxide redox reactions are developed to produce H2 and CO, which can be further processed to synthetic liquid fuels. In a transition period, carbonaceous feedstocks (fossil fuels, biomass, C-containing wastes) are solar-upgraded and transformed into valuable fuels via reforming, gasification and decomposition processes. The most promising solar thermochemical processes are discussed and the latest technological developments are summarized.

Numerical Study of a Beam-Down Solar Thermochemical Reactor for Chemical Kinetics Analysis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvan Bellan ◽  
Cristina Cerpa Saurez ◽  
Jose Gonzalez-Aguilar ◽  
Manuel Romero
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Reactor Geometry ◽  
Solar Thermochemical

A lab-scale solar thermochemical reactor is designed and fabricated to study the thermal reduction of non-volatile metal oxides, which operates simultaneously as solar collector and as chemical reactor. The main purpose of this reactor is to achieve the first step in two-step thermochemical cycles. The chemical conversion rate strongly depends on the temperature and fluid flow distribution around the reactant, which are determined by the reactor geometry. The optimal design depends on the constraints of the problem and on the operating parameters. Hence, the objective of this investigation is to analyze the heat and mass transfer in the vertically-oriented chemical reactor by a CFD model and to optimize the reactor design. The developed numerical model is validated by comparing the simulation results with reported model. The influence of different technical and operating parameters on the temperature distribution and the fluid flow of the reactor are studied.

scholarly journals Technological Learning, Industrial Policy, and Catch-up

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Arkebe Oqubay ◽  
Kenichi Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Dynamic Learning ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Technological Learning ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Future ◽  
Catch Up

Why is catch-up rare? And why have some nations succeeded while others failed? What are the prospects for successful learning and catch-up in the twenty-first century? This chapter introduces the aims, themes, and analytical perspectives of How Nations Learn, outlining the focus of each chapter, and considering pathways to the future. The volume examines how nations learn by reviewing key structural and contingent factors that contribute to dynamic learning and catch-up. It uses historical as well as firm-, industry-, and country-level evidence and experiences to identify sources and drivers of successful learning and catch-up and the lessons for late-latecomer countries. It aims to generate interest and debate among policymakers, practitioners, and researchers on the complexity of learning and catch-up, not only for late late developers but also for middle-income countries in the early stages of industrialization.

Metal oxide composites and structures for ultra-high temperature solar thermochemical cycles

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (14) ◽  
pp. 4714-4728 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Miller ◽  
Mark D. Allendorf ◽  
Richard B. Diver ◽  
Lindsey R. Evans ◽  
Nathan P. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Solar Thermochemical ◽  
Oxide Composites ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

scholarly journals Solar thermochemical splitting of water to generate hydrogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (51) ◽  
pp. 13385-13393 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. R. Rao ◽  
Sunita Dey
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxide System ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
High Temperature Process ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Solar Thermochemical ◽  
Splitting Water

Solar photochemical means of splitting water (artificial photosynthesis) to generate hydrogen is emerging as a viable process. The solar thermochemical route also promises to be an attractive means of achieving this objective. In this paper we present different types of thermochemical cycles that one can use for the purpose. These include the low-temperature multistep process as well as the high-temperature two-step process. It is noteworthy that the multistep process based on the Mn(II)/Mn(III) oxide system can be carried out at 700 °C or 750 °C. The two-step process has been achieved at 1,300 °C/900 °C by using yttrium-based rare earth manganites. It seems possible to render this high-temperature process as an isothermal process. Thermodynamics and kinetics of H2O splitting are largely controlled by the inherent redox properties of the materials. Interestingly, under the conditions of H2O splitting in the high-temperature process CO2 can also be decomposed to CO, providing a feasible method for generating the industrially important syngas (CO+H2). Although carbonate formation can be addressed as a hurdle during CO2 splitting, the problem can be avoided by a suitable choice of experimental conditions. The choice of the solar reactor holds the key for the commercialization of thermochemical fuel production.

scholarly journals Investigation of long term reactive stability of ceria for use in solar thermochemical cycles

Energy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 924-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan R. Rhodes ◽  
Michael M. Bobek ◽  
Kyle M. Allen ◽  
David W. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Solar Thermochemical

Solar Thermochemical Water-Splitting Ferrite-Cycle Heat Engines

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Diver ◽  
James E. Miller ◽  
Mark D. Allendorf ◽  
Nathan P. Siegel ◽  
Roy E. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Solar Thermochemical ◽  
Development Approach

Thermochemical cycles are a type of heat engine that utilize high-temperature heat to produce chemical work. Like their mechanical work-producing counterparts, their efficiency depends on operating temperature and on the irreversibilities of their internal processes. With this in mind, we have invented innovative design concepts for two-step solar-driven thermochemical heat engines based on iron oxide and iron oxide mixed with other metal oxides (ferrites). These concepts utilize two sets of moving beds of ferrite reactant material in close proximity and moving in opposite directions to overcome a major impediment to achieving high efficiency – thermal recuperation between solids in efficient counter-current arrangements. They also provide inherent separation of the product hydrogen and oxygen and are an excellent match with high-concentration solar flux. However, they also impose unique requirements on the ferrite reactants and materials of construction as well as an understanding of the chemical and cycle thermodynamics. In this paper, the Counter-Rotating-Ring Receiver/Reactor/Recuperator (CR5) solar thermochemical heat engine concept is introduced and its basic operating principals are described. Preliminary thermal efficiency estimates are presented and discussed. Our results and development approach are also outlined.

scholarly journals Solar Thermochemical Water-Splitting Ferrite-Cycle Heat Engines

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Diver ◽  
James E. Miller ◽  
Mark D. Allendorf ◽  
Nathan P. Siegel ◽  
Roy E. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Solar Thermochemical ◽  
Development Approach

Thermochemical cycles are a type of heat engine that utilize high-temperature heat to produce chemical work. Like their mechanical work producing counterparts, their efficiency depends on the operating temperature and on the irreversibility of their internal processes. With this in mind, we have invented innovative design concepts for two-step solar-driven thermochemical heat engines based on iron oxide and iron oxide mixed with other metal oxide (ferrites) working materials. The design concepts utilize two sets of moving beds of ferrite reactant materials in close proximity and moving in opposite directions to overcome a major impediment to achieving high efficiency—thermal recuperation between solids in efficient countercurrent arrangements. They also provide an inherent separation of the product hydrogen and oxygen and are an excellent match with a high-concentration solar flux. However, they also impose unique requirements on the ferrite reactants and materials of construction as well as an understanding of the chemical and cycle thermodynamics. In this paper, the counter-rotating-ring receiver∕reactor∕recuperator solar thermochemical heat engine concept is introduced, and its basic operating principles are described. Preliminary thermal efficiency estimates are presented and discussed. Our results and development approach are also outlined.

CO2Splitting via Two-Step Solar Thermochemical Cycles with Zn/ZnO and FeO/Fe3O4Redox Reactions: Thermodynamic Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 3544-3550 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Gálvez ◽  
P. G. Loutzenhiser ◽  
I. Hischier ◽  
A. Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Solar Thermochemical
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