Sex-specific associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and its alternatives with fetal growth parameters and gestational age

Abstract Background While fetal growth is a tightly regulated process, it is sensitive to environmental exposures that occur during pregnancy. Many commonly used consumer products contain chemicals that can disturb processes underlying fetal growth. However, mixtures of these chemicals have been minimally examined. We investigated associations between prenatal exposure to 33 consumer product chemicals (nine organophosphate ester flame retardant [OPE] metabolites, 12 phthalate metabolites, and 12 phenols) and the odds of small- or large-for-gestational age (SGA and LGA) births. Methods This case-control study was comprised of SGA (N = 31), LGA (N = 28), and appropriate for gestational age control (N = 31) births selected from the larger LIFECODES cohort. Biomarkers of exposure to consumer product chemicals were quantified in maternal urine collected from up to three study visits during pregnancy. In a single-pollutant approach, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of SGA and LGA associated with an interquartile range (IQR)-increase in exposure biomarkers were estimated using multinomial logistic regression. In a multi-pollutant approach, quantile g-computation was used to jointly estimate the OR (95% CI) of SGA and LGA per simultaneous one quartile-change in all biomarkers belonging to each chemical class. Results Among the 33 biomarkers analyzed, 20 were detected in at least 50% of the participants. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed reduced odds of LGA in association with higher urinary concentrations of several exposure biomarkers. For example, an IQR-increase in the OPE metabolite, diphenyl phosphate, was associated with lower odds of LGA (OR: 0.40 [95% CI: 0.18, 0.87]). Using quantile g-computation, we estimated lower odds of an LGA birth for higher OPE metabolite concentrations (OR: 0.49 [95% CI: 0.27, 0.89]) and phthalate metabolite concentrations (OR: 0.23 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.73]). Associations between consumer product chemicals and SGA were largely null. Conclusions Joint exposure to OPEs and phthalates was associated with lower odds of delivering LGA. Associations with LGA could indicate a specific impact of these exposures on the high end of the birth weight spectrum. Future work to understand this nuance in the associations between consumer product chemical mixtures and fetal growth is warranted.

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Placental Thickness and Its Correlation with Gestational Age: A Cross-sectional Ultrasonographic Study

Journal of Lumbini Medical College ◽

10.22502/jlmc.v6i2.214 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sumnima Acharya ◽

Awadesh Tiwari ◽

Rupesh Sharma

Keyword(s):

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Reliable Parameter ◽

The Difference ◽

Placental Thickness

Introduction: Placenta grows in size with the advancement of gestational age (GA) and plays an important role for delivery of nutrients from mother to fetus. Ultrasonography (USG) is implicated for the estimation of GA by using fetal growth parameters like Femur Length (FL), Bi-parietal Diameter (BPD), Head Circumference (HC), and Abdominal Circumference (AC). This study intends to observe the correlation between Placental Thickness (PT) and GA. Methods: It was an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study conducted over a period of six months from November 2017 to April 2018. Fetal growth parameters i.e. FL, BPD, HC, and AC were measured to estimate GA. PT was also measured at the same time. Results: There was a positive correlation between PT and GA (r = 0.89, n=249, p < 0.001). Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables at second and third trimesters were 0.81 and 0.49 respectively. Fisher r-to-z transformation was used to analyze the difference between those two coefficients and was found to be statistically significant (z = 4.6, p < 0.001). This indicates that there was a significant overall relationship between PT and GA. As GA increases, PT also increases. Conclusion: Our study observed a positive correlation between the PT and GA in second and third trimesters. Thickness of placenta can thus be used as a reliable parameter for the estimation of GA during the second and third trimesters, and can be used as a supplementary USG parameter along with FL, BPD, HC and AC.

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Prenatal exposure to consumer product chemical mixtures and size for gestational age at delivery

10.21203/rs.3.rs-47532/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paige A Bommarito ◽

Barrett M. Welch ◽

Alexander P Keil ◽

George P Baker ◽

Dave E Cantonwine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Consumer Product ◽

Chemical Mixtures ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Exposure Biomarkers ◽

Metabolite Concentrations ◽

Phthalate Metabolite

Abstract Background: While fetal growth is a tightly regulated process, it is sensitive to environmental exposures that occur during pregnancy. Many commonly used consumer products contain chemicals that can disturb processes underlying fetal growth. However, mixtures of these chemicals have been minimally examined. We investigated associations between prenatal exposure to 33 consumer product chemicals (nine organophosphate ester flame retardant [OPE] metabolites, 12 phthalate metabolites, and 12 phenols) and the odds of small- or large-for-gestational age (SGA and LGA) births.Methods: This case-control study was comprised of SGA (N = 31), LGA (N = 28), and appropriate for gestational age control (N = 31) births selected from the larger LIFECODES cohort. Biomarkers of exposure to consumer product chemicals were quantified in maternal urine collected from up to three study visits during pregnancy. In a single-pollutant approach, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of SGA and LGA associated with an interquartile range (IQR)-increase in exposure biomarkers were estimated using multinomial logistic regression. In a multi-pollutant approach, quantile g-computation was used to jointly estimate the OR (95% CI) of SGA and LGA per simultaneous one quartile-change in all biomarkers belonging to each chemical class. Results: Among the 33 biomarkers analyzed, 20 were detected in at least 50% of the participants. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed reduced odds of LGA in association with higher urinary concentrations of several exposure biomarkers. For example, an IQR-increase in the OPE metabolite, diphenyl phosphate, was associated with lower odds of LGA births (OR: 0.40 [95% CI: 0.18, 0.87]). Using quantile g-computation, we estimated lower odds of an LGA birth for higher OPE metabolite concentrations (OR: 0.49 [95% CI: 0.27, 0.89]) and phthalate metabolite concentrations (OR: 0.23 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.73]). Associations between consumer product chemicals and SGA were largely null. Conclusions: Joint exposure to OPEs and phthalates was associated with lower odds of delivering LGA. Associations with LGA could indicate a specific impact of these exposures on the high end of the birth weight spectrum. Future work to understand this nuance in the associations between consumer product chemical mixtures and fetal growth is warranted.

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Effects of prenatal exposure factors on birth outcomes through mediation of favorable fetal growth conditions using structural equation modeling

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249664 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0249664

Author(s):

Aweke A. Mitku ◽

Temesgen Zewotir ◽

Delia North ◽

Prakash Jeena ◽

Rajen N. Naidoo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Gestational Weight

Background Birth weight, birth length, and gestational age are major indicators of newborn health. Several prenatal exposure factors influence the fetal environment. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of prenatal exposure factors, including socio-demographic, behavioural, dietary, physical activity, clinical and environmental on birth outcomes through the mediation of Favourable Fetal Growth Conditions (FFGC). Methods Data was obtained from six hundred and fifty-six Mother and Child in the Environment birth cohort study in Durban, South Africa from 2013 to 2017. We adopted structural equation models which evaluate the direct and indirect effects by allowing multiple simultaneous equations to incorporate confounding and mediation. Results A significant direct and indirect effect of FFGC on newborn weight, length, and gestational age was seen. Gestational weight gain and maternal body mass index in the first trimester exerted a mediation effect between maternal behavioural risk factors and FFGC. Similarly, the level of physical activity during pregnancy was associated with decreased gestational weight gain. The effects of maternal characteristics on newborn weight, length, and gestational age were largely indirect, operating through FFGC as a latent variable. Conclusions Gestational weight gain and maternal pre-gestational BMI were observed to mediate the association between prenatal behavioural risk factors and favourable fetal growth conditions. Trial registration Retrospectively registered from 01 March 2013.

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Prenatal exposure to consumer product chemical mixtures and size for gestational age at delivery

10.21203/rs.3.rs-47532/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paige A Bommarito ◽

Barrett M. Welch ◽

Alexander P Keil ◽

George P Baker ◽

Dave E Cantonwine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Consumer Product ◽

Chemical Mixtures ◽

Phthalate Metabolites ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Exposure Biomarkers

Abstract Background While fetal growth is a tightly regulated process, it is sensitive to environmental exposures that occur during pregnancy. Many commonly used consumer products contain chemicals that can disturb processes underlying fetal growth. However, mixtures of these chemicals have been minimally examined. We investigated associations between prenatal exposure to 33 consumer product chemicals (nine organophosphate ester flame retardant [OPE] metabolites, 12 phthalate metabolites, and 12 phenols) and the odds of small- or large-for-gestational age (SGA and LGA) births. Methods This case-control study was comprised of SGA (N = 31), LGA (N = 28), and appropriate for gestational age control (N = 31) births selected from the larger LIFECODES cohort. Biomarkers of exposure to consumer product chemicals were quantified in maternal urine collected from up to three study visits during pregnancy. In a single-pollutant approach, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of SGA and LGA associated with an interquartile range (IQR)-increase in exposure biomarkers were estimated using multinomial logistic regression. In a multi-pollutant approach, quantile g-computation was used to jointly estimate the OR (95% CI) of SGA and LGA per simultaneous one quartile-change in all biomarkers belonging to each chemical class. Results Among the 33 biomarkers analyzed, 20 were detected in at least 50% of the participants. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed reduced odds of LGA in association with higher urinary concentrations of several exposure biomarkers. For example, an IQR-increase in the OPE metabolite, diphenyl phosphate, was associated with lower odds of LGA births (OR: 0.40 [95% CI: 0.18, 0.87]). Using quantile g-computation, we estimated lower odds of an LGA birth for lower OPE metabolites (OR: 0.49 [95% CI: 0.27, 0.89]) and phthalate metabolites (OR: 0.23 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.73]). Associations between consumer product chemicals and SGA were largely null. Conclusions Joint exposure to OPEs and phthalates was associated with lower odds of delivering LGA. Associations with LGA could indicate a specific impact of these exposures on the high end of the birth weight spectrum. Future work to understand this nuance in the associations between consumer product chemical mixtures and fetal growth is warranted.

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Prenatal exposure to bisphenol a and its analogues (bisphenol F and S) and ultrasound parameters of fetal growth

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125805 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 246 ◽

pp. 125805 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bin Zhou ◽

Pan Yang ◽

Yan-Ling Deng ◽

Qiang Zeng ◽

Wen-Qing Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Bisphenol F ◽

Ultrasound Parameters

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Impairment of insulin receptor signal transduction in placentas of intra-uterine growth-restricted newborns and its relationship with fetal growth

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-10-0752 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 164 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

M E Street ◽

I Viani ◽

M A Ziveri ◽

C Volta ◽

A Smerieri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Insulin Receptor ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Insulin Signalling ◽

Compensatory Mechanism ◽

Uterine Growth ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

Design And Methods

ObjectiveIntra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is related to a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We previously reported reduced adiponectin and increased interleukin 6 (IL6) concentrations in IUGR placentas, which are features of insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate placental insulin receptor (IR) function and activation in human placenta and subsequently the relationships of insulin signalling peptides with placental protein content in IL6, insulin, resistin and adiponectin, and with parameters of fetal growth.Design and methodsWhole villous tissue was collected from 18 IUGR and 24 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) placentas of comparable gestational age. Insulin signalling peptides, suppressors of cytokine signalling-2 (SOCS2), insulin, adiponectin, resistin, and IL6 concentrations were determined by using western immunoblotting or specific research kits.ResultsThe amount of total IR was similar in both groups but activated IR significantly higher in IUGR. Total IR substrate-1 (IRS1) was increased in IUGR, whereas total IRS2 and activated IRS1 were similar. AKT content was reduced and activated AKT was undetectable in IUGR placentas. c-Jun N-terminal kinase content was reduced in IUGR. Total and activated ERK1/2 was similar in IUGR and AGA groups, and total SOCS2 was increased in IUGR. IL6 lysate concentrations correlated with AKT content and activated IR. Correlations were found also with adiponectin and resistin. SOCS2 correlated negatively with all growth parameters at birth.ConclusionsIR was more activated in placentas of IUGR compared with AGA; however, signal transduction downstream of the receptor was impaired. The increase in activated IR could be in favour of a compensatory mechanism to increase insulin sensitivity. Close relationships of insulin action in placenta with fetal growth were shown.

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Fetal Growth and Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A: The Generation R Study

Environmental Health Perspectives ◽

10.1289/ehp.1205296 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 121 (3) ◽

pp. 393-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Claudia A. Snijder ◽

Dick Heederik ◽

Frank H. Pierik ◽

Albert Hofman ◽

Vincent W. Jaddoe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Fetal Growth

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Modulation of birthweight through gestational age and fetal growth

Child Care Health and Development ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2214.1996.773773.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 37-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E Petridou ◽

D Trichopoulos ◽

K Revinthi ◽

D Tong ◽

E Papathoma

Keyword(s):

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age

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INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION - A REVIEW ARTICLE

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2018.6.25a ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 184-195

Author(s):

Minh Son Pham ◽

Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen ◽

Dinh Vinh Tran

Keyword(s):

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Growth Potential ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

No Gold Standard

Small for gestational age (SGA) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) is difficult to define exactly. In this pregnancy condition, the fetus does not reach its biological growth potential as a consequence of impaired placental function, which may be because of a variety of factors. Fetuses with FGR are at risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality, and poor long-term health outcomes, such as impaired neurological and cognitive development, and cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in adulthood. At present no gold standard for the diagnosis of SGA/FGR exists. The first aim of this review is to: summarize areas of consensus and controversy between recently published national guidelines on small for gestational age or fetal growth restriction; highlight any recent evidence that should be incorporated into existing guidelines. Another aim to summary a number of interventions which are being developed or coming through to clinical trial in an attempt to improve fetal growth in placental insufficiency. Key words: fetal growth restriction (FGR), Small for gestational age (SGA)

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