Use of Co speciation and soil properties to explain variation in Co toxicity to root growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in different soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Micó ◽  
H.F. Li ◽  
F.J. Zhao ◽  
S.P. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Different Soils

scholarly journals A Model of the Extension and Branching of a Seminal Root of Barley, and Its Use in Studying Relations Between Root Dimensions I. the Model

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Hackett ◽  
DA Rose
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Area And Volume

Previous papers have reported that relations between the total number, length, surface area, and volume of graminaceous root members tend to remain roughly constant during vegetative growth. Through the use of a model of the extension and branching of a seminal root of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), which was developed for the purpose, an attempt has now been made to determine the properties of root growth responsible for the phenomenon.

ROOT DISTRIBUTION OF AND WATER UPTAKE BY FIELD-GROWN BARLEY IN A BLACK SOLOD

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. SOON
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Uptake Rates

A field study was conducted in 1984 and 1985 to determine the spatial distribution with time of root length density of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growing in a Black Solod in northwestern Alberta. The weakly solonetzic Bnt horizon present in the solodic soil appeared not to inhibit root growth, and roots were present to 90 cm depth of soil. Drought in 1985 reduced root growth in general, and in particular in the surface soil (0 – 15 cm depth) between crop rows. Root growth in both years continued well after ear emergence and attained a maximum total length (14.5 and 9.5 km m−2 in 1984 and 1985, respectively) some time into grain-filling. Water uptake rates of up to 1.3 cm3 m−1 d−1 were observed; this maximum rate was associated with younger roots in the 60- to 90-cm depth in 1984. Low availability of subsoil water in 1985, however, resulted in low root density and water uptake rates in the 60- to 90-cm depth. The weighted mean uptake rate for the entire root system was slightly more than 0.4 cm3 m−1 d−1 in 1984 and about half that in 1985. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., solonetzic soil, water inflow, root growth, root length density

Effects of aluminum on the growth and distribution of calcium in roots of an aluminum-sensitive cultivar of barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1849-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Nichol ◽  
L. A. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Calcium Indicator ◽  
Meristematic Region ◽  
Indicator Dyes

Aluminum-induced inhibition of root growth in the Al-sensitive cultivar Kearney of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the result of disruption of both cell division in the meristematic region and cell expansion in the zone of elongation of the roots. In seedlings directly germinated in 50 μM Al, inhibition of root growth is detected 48 h after initiation of germination and it results primarily from the disruption of cell elongation. In seedlings germinated for 2 days under Al-free conditions, inhibition of root growth is apparent 8 h after transfer to 50 μM Al. In this instance, root growth inhibition is mainly the result of disruption of cell division in the meristematic region of the root. The calcium indicator dyes chlorotetracycline and Fluo-3 are used to study the distribution of intracellular calcium and its relationship to aluminum phototoxicity. Aluminum increases both chlorotetracycline and Fluo-3 fluorescence intensities. Fluorescence of the cytosolic calcium indicator dye Fluo-3 increases primarily in the zone of elongation of the roots of seedlings directly germinated in 50 μM aluminum. The increase in Fluo-3 fluorescence occurs concomitantly with major changes in both the length and width of the cells in the zone of elongation. The evidence suggests that changes in calcium homeostasis occurring in cells of the zone of elongation may be a major factor in the disruption of cell expansion and consequently root growth in seedlings directly germinated in 50 μM aluminum. Key words: aluminum, calcium, barley, chlorotetracycline, Fluo-3.

scholarly journals Root Growth of Hordeum vulgare and Vicia faba in the Biopore Sheath

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Lisa Petzoldt ◽  
Miriam Athmann ◽  
Andreas Buechse ◽  
Timo Kautz
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Earthworm Casts

Biopores provide nutrients from root debris and earthworm casts. Inside large biopores, root function is limited due to the lack of root–soil contact. However, the immediate surroundings of biopores may hold a key function as “hotspots” for root growth in the subsoil. To date, sufficient quantitative information on the distribution of roots and nutrients around biopores is missing. In this field study, the biopore sheath was sampled at distances of 0–2, 2–4, 4–8, and 8–12 mm from the surface of the pore wall. The results show a laterally decreasing gradient from the pore towards 8–12 mm distance in root length density (RLD) of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.), as well as in total nitrogen (Nt)- and total carbon (Ct)-content. In the biopore sheath (2–12 mm), the share of roots with a diameter of less than 0.4 mm was 92% for barley and 89% for faba bean. The findings support the view that roots can utilize biopores to gain access to deeper soil layers and may use the sheath for nutrient uptake and entrance through to the bulk soil. However, especially for barley, the inner layer of the biopore sheath appeared to be more important for root growth than the sheath of farer distance.

Solute flows from Hordeum vulgare to the hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor and the influence of infection on host and parasite nutrient relations

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Jiang ◽  
W. Dieter Jeschke ◽  
Wolfram Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Total N ◽  
Rhinanthus Minor

Using the facultative root hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor and Hordeum vulgare L. as a host, the flows and partitioning of mineral nutrients within the host, the parasite and between host and parasite have been studied during the study period 41–54 d after planting, i.e approximately 30–43 d after successful attachment of the parasite to the host. In parasitising Rhinanthus shoot growth was 12-fold, but root growth only 2-fold increased compared to non-parasitising plants. Conversely, in the Hordeum host, shoot dry matter growth was clearly reduced, by 33% in leaf laminae and by 52% in leaf sheaths, whereas root growth was only slightly reduced as a consequence of parasitism. Growth-dependent increments of total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and of potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in parasitising Rhinanthus shoot were strongly increased, particularly increments of total N and P, which were 18 and 42 times, respectively, higher than in solitary Rhinanthus. However, increments of the above mineral nutrients in leaf sheaths of parasitised Hordeum vulgare were more strongly decreased than in leaf laminae in response to parasitic attack. Estimation of the flows of nutrients revealed that Rhinanthus withdrew from the host xylem sap about the same percentage of each nutrients: 18% of total N, 22% of P and 20% of K. Within the host almost all net flows of nutrient ions were decreased due to parasitism, but retranslocation from shoot to root was somewhat increased for all nutrients. Quantitative information is provided to show that the substantially increased growth in the shoot of attached Rhinanthus and the observed decrease in Hordeum shoot growth after infection were related to strongly elevated supply of nitrogen and phosphorus in the parasite and to incipient deficiency of these nutrients in the parasitised host. The flows of nutrients between host and parasite are discussed in terms of low selectivity of nutrient abstraction from the host xylem by the hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor.

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