Have the short-term mortality effects of particulate matter air pollution changed in Australia over the period 1993–2007?

2013 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Abstract 15149: Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution Preferentially Increases the Risk of ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Events

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent G Meredith ◽  
C A Pope ◽  
Joseph B Muhlestein ◽  
Jeffrey L Anderson ◽  
John B Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Significant Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
St Elevation

Introduction: Air pollution is associated with greater cardiovascular event risk, but which types of events and the specific at-risk individuals remain unknown. Hypothesis: Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is associated with greater risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (USA). Methods: ACS events treated at Intermountain Healthcare hospitals in Utah’s urban Wasatch Front region between September 10, 1993 and May 15, 2014 were included if the patient resided in that area (N=16,314). A time-stratified case-crossover design was performed matching the PM 2.5 exposure at the time of event with periods when the event did not occur (referent), for STEMI, NSTEMI, and USA. Patients served as their own controls. Odds ratios (OR) were determined for exposure threshold versus linear, non-threshold models. Results: In STEMI, NSTEMI, and USA patients, age averaged 62, 64, and 63 years; males constituted 73%, 66%, and 68%; current or past smoking was prevalent in 33%, 25%, and 26%; and significant coronary artery disease (CAD) (defined as ≥1 coronary with ≥70% stenosis) was found among 95%, 75%, and 74%, respectively. Short-term PM 2.5 exposure was associated with ACS events (Table). Conclusions: Short-term exposure of PM 2.5 was strongly associated with greater risk of STEMI, especially in patients with angiographic CAD. No association with NSTEMI was found, and only a weak effect for USA. This study supports a PM 2.5 exposure threshold of 25 μg/m 3 , below which little exposure effect is seen, while the effect is linear above that level.

scholarly journals Air pollution and short term mortality

BMJ ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 324 (7339) ◽  
pp. 691-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hennessy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Evaluation of short-term mortality attributable to particulate matter pollution in Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ortiz ◽  
Cristina Linares ◽  
Rocio Carmona ◽  
Julio Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Particulate Matter Pollution

scholarly journals Monitoring Air Pollution Variability during Disasters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earthea Nance
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality Management ◽  
Mobile Monitoring ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Gulf Oil Spill ◽  
National Environmental

National environmental regulations lack short-term standards for variability in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ); they depend soley on concentration-based standards. Twenty-five years of research has linked short-term PM 2.5 ; that is, increases of at least 10 ug/m 3 that can occur in-between regulatory readings, to increased mortality (Di et al, 2017; Staniswalis et al, 2005; Conroy et al, 2001; Schwartz, 1994). Even as new technologies have emerged that could readily monitor short-term PM 2.5 , such as real-time monitoring and mobile monitoring, their primary application has been for research, not for air quality management. The Gulf oil spill offers a strategic setting in which regulatory monitoring, computer modeling, and stationary monitoring could be directly compared to mobile monitoring. Mobile monitoring was found to best capture the variability of PM 2.5 during the disaster. The research also found that each short-term increase (10-μg/m 3) in fine particulate matter was associated with a statistically significant increase of 0.105 deaths (p<0.001) in people aged 65 and over, a result that is in line with other studies. These findings contribute to understanding the effects of PM 2.5 on mortality during a disaster, and they provide justification for environmental managers to monitor the variability of PM 2.5, not only the concentration.

Respiratory Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure During Short-Term Cycling Among Healthy Adults in Three Chinese Cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lejian He ◽  
Laijun Zhao ◽  
Yonghong Liu ◽  
Zhaowen Qiu ◽  
H. Oliver Gao
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Respiratory Effects ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Cycling to work has been promoted as a green commute in many countries because of its reduced congestion relative to that of cars and its reduced environmental impact on air pollution. However, cyclists might be exposed to higher air pollution, causing adverse health effects. Few studies have examined the respiratory effects of traffic-related air pollution exposure during short-term cycling, especially in developing countries with heavy air pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of air pollution exposure on lung function while cycling in traffic. Methods: Twenty-five healthy adults in total cycled on a specified route in each of three Chinese cities during four periods of a day. Lung function measures were collected immediately before and after cycling. Real-time particulate matter (PM) and the particle number count (PNC) for particles with different sizes were measured along each cycling route, while ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) levels were measured at the nearest stations. Mixed-effect models were used to estimate the impact of short-term air pollution exposure on participants’ lung function measures during cycling. Results: We found that an interquartile increase in particulate matter consisting of fine particles (PM1, aerodynamic diameter £ 1 mm; and PM2.5, aerodynamic diameter £ 2.5 mm) was associated with a significant decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) (PM1, –5.61%, p = 0.021; PM2.5, –5.57%, p = 0.022). Interquartile increases in the 99th percentile of PNC for fine particles (aerodynamic diameter 0.3–0.4 mm) also had significant negative associations with FVC (0.3 mm, –5.13%, p = 0.041; 0.35 mm, –4.81%, p = 0.045; 0.4 mm, –4.59%, p = 0.035). We also observed significant inverse relationships between ambient CO levels and FVC (–5.78%, p = 0.015).Conclusions: Our results suggest that short-term exposure to fine particles and CO while cycling in traffic contributes to a reduction in FVC of cyclists.

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