scholarly journals Associations between microvascular function and short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and particulate matter oxidative potential

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Norbert Staimer ◽  
Tomas Tjoa ◽  
Daniel L. Gillen ◽  
James J. Schauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract 15149: Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution Preferentially Increases the Risk of ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Events

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent G Meredith ◽  
C A Pope ◽  
Joseph B Muhlestein ◽  
Jeffrey L Anderson ◽  
John B Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Significant Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
St Elevation

Introduction: Air pollution is associated with greater cardiovascular event risk, but which types of events and the specific at-risk individuals remain unknown. Hypothesis: Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is associated with greater risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (USA). Methods: ACS events treated at Intermountain Healthcare hospitals in Utah’s urban Wasatch Front region between September 10, 1993 and May 15, 2014 were included if the patient resided in that area (N=16,314). A time-stratified case-crossover design was performed matching the PM 2.5 exposure at the time of event with periods when the event did not occur (referent), for STEMI, NSTEMI, and USA. Patients served as their own controls. Odds ratios (OR) were determined for exposure threshold versus linear, non-threshold models. Results: In STEMI, NSTEMI, and USA patients, age averaged 62, 64, and 63 years; males constituted 73%, 66%, and 68%; current or past smoking was prevalent in 33%, 25%, and 26%; and significant coronary artery disease (CAD) (defined as ≥1 coronary with ≥70% stenosis) was found among 95%, 75%, and 74%, respectively. Short-term PM 2.5 exposure was associated with ACS events (Table). Conclusions: Short-term exposure of PM 2.5 was strongly associated with greater risk of STEMI, especially in patients with angiographic CAD. No association with NSTEMI was found, and only a weak effect for USA. This study supports a PM 2.5 exposure threshold of 25 μg/m 3 , below which little exposure effect is seen, while the effect is linear above that level.

scholarly journals The effect of short term exposure to outdoor air pollution on fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia González-Comadran ◽  
Bénédicte Jacquemin ◽  
Marta Cirach ◽  
Rafael Lafuente ◽  
Thomas Cole-Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subacute Exposure

Abstract Background There is evidence to suggest that long term exposure to air pollution could be associated with decreased levels of fertility, although there is controversy as to how short term exposure may compromise fertility in IVF patients and what windows of exposure during the IVF process patients could be most vulnerable. Methods This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of acute exposure that air pollution have on reproductive outcomes in different moments of the IVF process. Women undergoing IVF living in Barcelona were recruited. Individual air pollution exposures were modelled at their home address 15 and 3 days before embryo transfer (15D and 3D, respectively), the same day of transfer (D0), and 7 days after (D7). The pollutants modelled were: PM2.5 [particulate matter (PM) ≤2.5 μm], PMcoarse (PM between 2.5 and 10μm), PM10 (PM≤10 μm), PM2.5 abs, and NO2 and NOx. Outcomes were analyzed using multi-level regression models, with adjustment for co-pollutants and confouding factors. Two sensitivity analyses were performed. First, the model was adjusted for subacute exposure (received 15 days before ET). The second analysis was based on the first transfer performed on each patient aiming to exclude patients who failed previous transfers. Results One hundred ninety-four women were recruited, contributing with data for 486 embryo transfers. Acute and subacute exposure to PMs showed a tendency in increasing miscarriage rate and reducing clinical pregnancy rate, although results were not statistically significant. The first sensitivity analysis, showed a significant risk of miscarriage for PM2.5 exposure on 3D after adjusting for subacute exposure, and an increased risk of achieving no pregnancy for PM2.5, PMcoarse and PM10 on 3D. The second sensitivity analysis showed a significant risk of miscarriage for PM2.5 exposure on 3D, and a significant risk of achieving no pregnancy for PM2.5, PMcoarse and PM10 particularly on 3D. No association was observed for nitrogen dioxides on reproductive outcomes. Conclusions Exposure to particulate matter has a negative impact on reproductive outcomes in IVF patients. Subacute exposure seems to increase the harmful effect of the acute exposure on miscarriage and pregnancy rates. Nitrogen dioxides do not modify significantly the reproductive success.

Association between short-term exposure to particulate matter air pollution and cause-specific mortality in Changzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongquan Yu ◽  
Shen Yao ◽  
Huibin Dong ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Specific Mortality

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Air Pollution on Coronary Events in Strasbourg, France—Importance of Seasonal Variations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Baptiste Vaudrey ◽  
Marie Mielcarek ◽  
Erik Sauleau ◽  
Nicolas Meyer ◽  
Benjamin Marchandot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Coronary Event ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Coronary Events ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

The aim of this study, is to investigate the effects of a short-term exposure to air pollutants, as assessed by Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Particulate Matter PM2,5 and PM10 concentrations, on coronary event onsets in Strasbourg, France. An observational, analytical, retrospective, epidemiological study was conducted in Strasbourg between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014. Higher daily coronary events rates were evidenced when NO2 concentrations were measured above 40 µg/m3 (1.258 (95% CI 1.142–1.374) vs. 1.110 (95% CI 1.033–1.186); p = 0.015). The NO2 concentration was higher than 30 µg/m3 for 677 days (61.8%). Higher daily coronary events rates were evidenced when NO2 concentrations were measured above 30 µg/m3 (1.208 (95% CI 1.128–1.289) vs. 1.067 (95% CI 0.961–1.172) p = 0.009). A marked seasonality of NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations characterized by an increase during winter and a decrease during the summer could be established. The seasonality of coronary events was evidenced simultaneously. After adjustments were made to account for the time and the month, no independent impact of NO2, PM2.5 or PM10 on daily coronary events could be demonstrated.

scholarly journals Effect of short-term exposure to indoor particulate matter on noctunal blood pressure dipping among hypertensive adults in ibadan: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M Adeoye ◽  
A Fakunle ◽  
O Aderonmu ◽  
B Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nocturnal Blood Pressure ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Introduction While blunted nocturnal blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events, limited information exist on the association between indoor particulate and circadian blood pressure variation. We report the association of short-time exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 with blunted nocturnal blood pressure among hypertensive adults in Ibadan. Purpose This study was to determine the association between short time exposure to air particulates and blunted nocturnal blood pressure among people of African descent. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among fifty hypertensive cases attending our University College Hospital. A 24-hours blood pressure (BP) monitoring was carried out at the same time as indoor particulate matter monitoring in their homes. Exposure to indoor fine particles (PM2.5) and thoracic particles (PM10) was estimated using a real-time particle counter and compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) 24-hours threshold of 25 μg/m3 and 50 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and PM10 respectively. All monitoring was carried out over a 24-hours period during the wet season. Linear regression model was fitted to determine predictors of non-dipping hypertension. Results Of the 50 hypertensive patients studied, 5 (10.0%), 39 (78.0%), 6 (12.0%) were reverse dippers, non-dippers and dippers respectively. The mean indoor PM2.5 (44.17±19.18 μg/m3) and PM10 (60.10±27.13 μg/m3) among the non-dippers were significantly higher than values obtained among dippers (PM2.5 = 22.97±10.19 μg/m3; PM10 = 29.51±12.74 μg/m3); p<0.0001, and the WHO threshold limit. More non-dippers than dippers (54.5% vs 37.8%) used unimproved fuel such as firewood for cooking. PM10 was an independent predictors of non-dipping status in our regression analysis. Conclusion Short-term exposure to indoor PM air pollution was associated with blunted nocturnal blood pressure. Therefore air pollution reduction strategies through improved cooking pattern is advocated in order to prevent future cardiovascular events. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

1271Short-term effects of exposure to ambient fine particulate matter on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide case-crossover study in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Zhao ◽  
F H Johnston ◽  
F Salimi ◽  
K Negishi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Introduction The cardiovascular health consequences of ambient air pollution generally equal or exceed those due to pulmonary diseases and cancers. Particulate matter less than 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has become a major focus of research on the short-term exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular disease. However, the evidence regarding the association between several air pollutants and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), has been inconsistent, which could be due to limited sample sizes (∼11,000). Thus, a larger study may assist in characterising possible associations. Purpose This study aimed to identify the associations between exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of OHCA in Japan. Methods A case-crossover design was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) of OHCA across Japan with daily exposure of PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), photochemical oxidants (Ox), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on the day of the arrest or 1–3 days before it (lag 0–3). OHCA cases were identified through the All-Japan Utstein registry of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015. All cause OHCAs were investigated by conditional logistic regression adjusted for daily temperature and relative humidity. Results A total of 249,372 OHCAs were included during study period. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in daily PM2.5 exposure over 4 days was associated with all cause OHCA risk (lag 0: OR 1.017, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.010, 1.024; lag 1: OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.008, 1.022; lag 2: OR 1.018, 95% CI 1.011, 1.025; lag 3: OR 1.021, 95% CI 1.014, 1.028; lag 0–1: OR 1.022, 95% CI 1.014, 1.030). CO, Ox and SO2 also showed significant associations with OHCAs. In the multi-pollutant model, the effects of PM2.5 remained independent of CO, Ox and SO2 (Table). Conclusion Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was independently associated with an increased risk of OHCA.

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