Effects of prenatal exposure to particulate matter air pollution on corpus callosum and behavioral problems in children

Background: Clinical and epidemiologic studies suggest a relationship between long-term nano-particulate matter (nPM) exposure and white matter injury 1 . Accumulating laboratory evidence suggests that nPM exposure causes inflammation in multiple brain regions 2 . Objective: We sought to study the effects nano-particulate matter exposure on microglia activation and complement upregulation within the corpus callosum in a murine model. Methods: C57 black 6J mice were randomized to re-aerosolized nPM (n=18, nPM <200 nm) or filtered air (n=18) cohorts. Exposures were conducted for a total of 150 cumulative hours. Post-exposure, brains were harvested and immunohistochemical analysis performed. Reactive microglia (IBA-1), reactive astrocytes (GFAP) and C5α deposition (C5α antibody) were quantified in the medial corpus callosum. Results: There were significant differences in IBA-1 cell count staining between the groups (filtered air- 94.7± 18.87; nPM- 158.5 ± 41.69, p<0.05). No differences in GFAP cell count staining existed between the filtered air (677.5 ± 96.09) and nPM mice (656.6 ± 120.3, p=ns). There were significant differences in C5α density staining between filtered air (8.181 ± 3.863) and nPM mice (14.77 ± 5.989, p<0.01). Conclusion: Chronic particulate matter exposure is associated with white matter changes in a murine model. Regional increases in microglia number and C5α deposition suggest an inflammatory mechanism. References: 1. Calderon-Garciduenas L, Mora-Tiscareno A, Ontiveros E, Gomez-Garza G, Barragan-Mejia G, Broadway J, Chapman S, Valencia-Salazar G, Jewells V, Maronpot RR, Henriquez-Roldan C, Perez-Guille B, Torres-Jardon R, Herrit L, Brooks D, Osnaya-Brizuela N, Monroy ME, Gonzalez-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Villarreal-Calderon R, Solt AC, Engle RW. Air pollution, cognitive deficits and brain abnormalities: a pilot study with children and dogs. Brain Cogn. 2008;68(2):117-27. 2. Block, M. L., & Calderón-Garcidueñas, L. (2009). Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease. Trends in neurosciences , 32 (9), 506-516.

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Prenatal exposure to outdoor air pollution and child behavioral problems at school age in Japan

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 99 ◽

pp. 192-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Takashi Yorifuji ◽

Saori Kashima ◽

Midory Higa Diez ◽

Yoko Kado ◽

Satoshi Sanada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

School Age ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Outdoor Air Pollution ◽

Child Behavioral Problems

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Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-021-00995-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Natalie M. Johnson ◽

Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann ◽

Jonathan C. Behlen ◽

Carmen Lau ◽

Drew Pendleton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Maternal Exposure ◽

Children's Health ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Children’S Health ◽

Cardiometabolic Health

Abstract Background Particulate matter (PM), a major component of ambient air pollution, accounts for a substantial burden of diseases and fatality worldwide. Maternal exposure to PM during pregnancy is particularly harmful to children’s health since this is a phase of rapid human growth and development. Method In this review, we synthesize the scientific evidence on adverse health outcomes in children following prenatal exposure to the smallest toxic components, fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine (PM0.1) PM. We highlight the established and emerging findings from epidemiologic studies and experimental models. Results Maternal exposure to fine and ultrafine PM directly and indirectly yields numerous adverse birth outcomes and impacts on children’s respiratory systems, immune status, brain development, and cardiometabolic health. The biological mechanisms underlying adverse effects include direct placental translocation of ultrafine particles, placental and systemic maternal oxidative stress and inflammation elicited by both fine and ultrafine PM, epigenetic changes, and potential endocrine effects that influence long-term health. Conclusion Policies to reduce maternal exposure and health consequences in children should be a high priority. PM2.5 levels are regulated, yet it is recognized that minority and low socioeconomic status groups experience disproportionate exposures. Moreover, PM0.1 levels are not routinely measured or currently regulated. Consequently, preventive strategies that inform neighborhood/regional planning and clinical/nutritional recommendations are needed to mitigate maternal exposure and ultimately protect children’s health.

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Prenatal exposure to particulate matter air pollution: a preventable risk for childhood asthma

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David B. Peden

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Childhood Asthma

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Application of the navigation guide systematic review methodology to evaluate prenatal exposure to particulate matter air pollution and infant birth weight

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2021.106378 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 148 ◽

pp. 106378

Author(s):

Inyang Uwak ◽

Natalie Olson ◽

Angelica Fuentes ◽

Megan Moriarty ◽

Jairus Pulczinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Systematic Review Methodology ◽

Infant Birth

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AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10 AND PM2.5) AIR POLLUTION IN DESNIANSKY DISTRICT IN KYIV

Hygiene of populated places ◽

10.32402/hygiene2017.67.031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (67) ◽

pp. 31-37

Author(s):

O. Turos ◽

◽

T. Maremukha ◽

I. Kobzarenko ◽

A. Petrosian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Ambient Particulate Matter ◽

Pm10 And Pm2.5

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Vicious Cycle of Economic Growth, Pm2.5 and COVID-19 Case of G7 Countries

10.31124/advance.12937019.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rıdvan Karacan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Panel Cointegration ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Population Exposure ◽

Causality Analysis ◽

G7 Countries

Today, production is carried out depending on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels pollute the air as they contain high levels of carbon. Many studies have been carried out on the economic costs of air pollution. However, in the present study, unlike the former ones, economic growth's relationship with the COVID-19 virus in addition to air pollution was examined. The COVID-19 virus, which was initially reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and affected the whole world, has caused many cases and deaths. Researchers have been going on studying how the virus is transmitted. Some of these studies suggest that the number of virus-related cases increases in regions with a high level of air pollution. Based on this fact, it is thought that air pollution will increase the number of COVID-19 cases in G7 Countries where industrial production is widespread. Therefore, the negative aspects of economic growth, which currently depends on fossil fuels, is tried to be revealed. The research was carried out for the period between 2000-2019. Panel cointegration test and panel causality analysis were used for the empirical analysis. Particulate matter known as PM2.5[1] was used as an indicator of air pollution. Consequently, a positive long-term relationship has been identified between PM2.5 and economic growth. This relationship also affects the number of COVID-19 cases. [1] "Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an air pollutant that poses the greatest risk to health globally, affecting more people than any other pollutant (WHO, 2018). Chronic exposure to PM2.5 considerably increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in particular (WHO, 2018). For these reasons, population exposure to (outdoor or ambient) PM2.5 has been identified as an OECD Green Growth headline indicator" (OECD.Stat).

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