scholarly journals Prenatal exposure to particulate matter air pollution: a preventable risk for childhood asthma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Peden
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Childhood Asthma

scholarly journals The Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollutants on Childhood Asthma Hospitalization in Taiwan: A National Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yen Kuo ◽  
Chin-Kan Chan ◽  
Chiung-Yi Wu ◽  
Dinh-Van Phan ◽  
Chien-Lung Chan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
National Study ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Asthma Hospitalization

This investigation determined the effects of air pollution on childhood asthma hospitalization in regions with differing air pollution levels in Taiwan over a long time period. Data of childhood hospital admissions for asthma in patients aged 0–18 years and air quality in eight regions for the period 2001–2012 in Taiwan were collected. Poisson generalized linear regression analysis was employed to identify the relative risks of hospitalization due to asthma in children associated with exposure to varying levels of air pollutants with a change in the interquartile range after adjusting for temperature and relative humidity. Particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), were positively associated with childhood asthma hospitalization, while O3 was negatively associated with childhood asthma hospitalization. SO2 was identified as the most significant risk factor. The relative risks for asthma hospitalization associated with air pollutants were higher among children aged 0–5 years than aged 6–18 years and were higher among males than females. The effects of air pollution on childhood asthma were greater in the higher-level air pollution regions, while no association was observed in the lower-level air pollution regions. These findings may prove important for policymakers involved in implementing policies to reduce air pollution.

scholarly journals A multicentre study of air pollution exposure and childhood asthma prevalence: the ESCAPE project

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mölter ◽  
Angela Simpson ◽  
Dietrich Berdel ◽  
Bert Brunekreef ◽  
Adnan Custovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Pollution Exposure

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of six traffic-related air pollution metrics (nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10), PM2.5, coarse particulate matter and PM2.5 absorbance) on childhood asthma and wheeze prevalence in five European birth cohorts: MAAS (England, UK), BAMSE (Sweden), PIAMA (the Netherlands), GINI and LISA (both Germany, divided into north and south areas).Land-use regression models were developed for each study area and used to estimate outdoor air pollution exposure at the home address of each child. Information on asthma and current wheeze prevalence at the ages of 4–5 and 8–10 years was collected using validated questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the association between pollutant exposure and asthma within each cohort. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to combine effect estimates from individual cohorts.The meta-analyses showed no significant association between asthma prevalence and air pollution exposure (e.g. adjusted OR (95%CI) for asthma at age 8–10 years and exposure at the birth address (n=10377): 1.10 (0.81–1.49) per 10 μg·m-3 nitrogen dioxide; 0.88 (0.63–1.24) per 10 μg·m-3 PM10; 1.23 (0.78–1.95) per 5 μg·m-3 PM2.5). This result was consistently found in initial crude models, adjusted models and further sensitivity analyses.This study found no significant association between air pollution exposure and childhood asthma prevalence in five European birth cohorts.

scholarly journals Effects of prenatal exposure to particulate matter air pollution on corpus callosum and behavioral problems in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 108734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Mortamais ◽  
Jesus Pujol ◽  
Gerard Martínez-Vilavella ◽  
Raquel Fenoll ◽  
Christelle Reynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Problems

scholarly journals Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie M. Johnson ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann ◽  
Jonathan C. Behlen ◽  
Carmen Lau ◽  
Drew Pendleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health

Abstract Background Particulate matter (PM), a major component of ambient air pollution, accounts for a substantial burden of diseases and fatality worldwide. Maternal exposure to PM during pregnancy is particularly harmful to children’s health since this is a phase of rapid human growth and development. Method In this review, we synthesize the scientific evidence on adverse health outcomes in children following prenatal exposure to the smallest toxic components, fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine (PM0.1) PM. We highlight the established and emerging findings from epidemiologic studies and experimental models. Results Maternal exposure to fine and ultrafine PM directly and indirectly yields numerous adverse birth outcomes and impacts on children’s respiratory systems, immune status, brain development, and cardiometabolic health. The biological mechanisms underlying adverse effects include direct placental translocation of ultrafine particles, placental and systemic maternal oxidative stress and inflammation elicited by both fine and ultrafine PM, epigenetic changes, and potential endocrine effects that influence long-term health. Conclusion Policies to reduce maternal exposure and health consequences in children should be a high priority. PM2.5 levels are regulated, yet it is recognized that minority and low socioeconomic status groups experience disproportionate exposures. Moreover, PM0.1 levels are not routinely measured or currently regulated. Consequently, preventive strategies that inform neighborhood/regional planning and clinical/nutritional recommendations are needed to mitigate maternal exposure and ultimately protect children’s health.

AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10 AND PM2.5) AIR POLLUTION IN DESNIANSKY DISTRICT IN KYIV

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (67) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
O. Turos ◽  
◽  
T. Maremukha ◽  
I. Kobzarenko ◽  
A. Petrosian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5

Vicious Cycle of Economic Growth, Pm2.5 and COVID-19 Case of G7 Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rıdvan Karacan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
G7 Countries

<p>Today, production is carried out depending on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels pollute the air as they contain high levels of carbon. Many studies have been carried out on the economic costs of air pollution. However, in the present study, unlike the former ones, economic growth's relationship with the COVID-19 virus in addition to air pollution was examined. The COVID-19 virus, which was initially reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and affected the whole world, has caused many cases and deaths. Researchers have been going on studying how the virus is transmitted. Some of these studies suggest that the number of virus-related cases increases in regions with a high level of air pollution. Based on this fact, it is thought that air pollution will increase the number of COVID-19 cases in G7 Countries where industrial production is widespread. Therefore, the negative aspects of economic growth, which currently depends on fossil fuels, is tried to be revealed. The research was carried out for the period between 2000-2019. Panel cointegration test and panel causality analysis were used for the empirical analysis. Particulate matter known as PM2.5[1] was used as an indicator of air pollution. Consequently, a positive long-term relationship has been identified between PM2.5 and economic growth. This relationship also affects the number of COVID-19 cases.</p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p>[1] "Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an air pollutant that poses the greatest risk to health globally, affecting more people than any other pollutant (WHO, 2018). Chronic exposure to PM2.5 considerably increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in particular (WHO, 2018). For these reasons, population exposure to (outdoor or ambient) PM2.5 has been identified as an OECD Green Growth headline indicator" (OECD.Stat).</p>

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