Medical risks in epilepsy: a review with focus on physical injuries, mortality, traffic accidents and their prevention

This article applies machine learning to detect whether a driver is drowsy and alert the driver. The drowsiness of a driver can lead to accidents resulting in severe physical injuries, including deaths, and significant economic losses. Driver fatigue resulting from sleep deprivation causes major accidents on today's roads. In 2010, nearly 24 million vehicles were involved in traffic accidents in the U.S., which resulted in more than 33,000 deaths and over 3.9 million injuries, according to the U.S. NHTSA. A significant percentage of traffic accidents can be attributed to drowsy driving. It is therefore imperative that an efficient technique is designed and implemented to detect drowsiness as soon as the driver feels drowsy and to alert and wake up the driver and thereby preventing accidents. The authors apply machine learning to detect eye closures along with yawning of a driver to optimize the system. This paper also implements DSRC to connect vehicles and create an ad hoc vehicular network on the road. When the system detects that a driver is drowsy, drivers of other nearby vehicles are alerted.

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Identification of Drivers in Traffic Accidents and Determination of Passenger Position in a Vehicle by Finger Marks

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation ◽

10.7307/ptt.v24i1.268 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 53-61

Author(s):

Matej Trapečar ◽

Martin Ivan Lipičnik ◽

Jože Balažic

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Forensic Analysis ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Vehicle Ownership ◽

Physical Injuries ◽

Investigation Methods ◽

Hit And Run

The following paper aims to illustrate certain investigative activities in the forensic analysis and examination of the scene of traffic accidents. When a traffic accident occurs, the scene must be secured as soon as possible to enable professional and proper forensic investigation. Failure to secure the accident scene might result in losing or contaminating the traces, which makes it more difficult to prove or explain trace evidence in further procedure or even makes such evidence inadmissible. The topic is discussed from the viewpoint of crime scene examination, since analysing and investigating traffic accidents requires a great deal of expertise and attention of the investigators. Complex traffic accidents include feigned accidents, hit-and-run accidents as well as accidents in which the driver and passengers, dead or alive, need to be identified. In identifying the passengers, standard criminal investigation methods as well as police forensic and forensic medicine methods are followed. Such methods include confirming the identities with identity documents, other documents and vehicle ownership, fingerprints, biological traces, fibre traces, contact traces, traces of physical injuries on the driver and passengers, etc. According to the results obtained in fingerprint detection on human skin surfaces, this method can also be applied in confirming physical contact between the driver and the passengers in the accident, e.g. in the event of moving the victims and changing the scene of the accident. Key words: traffic accidents, accident analysis, driver's identity, passengers' position, finger marks, human skin

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Financial impact of road traffic accidents on the society

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS TRAUMA & VICTIMOLOGY ◽

10.18099/ijetv.v2i1.11129 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dr. R K Gorea

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

World Health ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

The Road ◽

Physical Injuries ◽

Health Organization ◽

Financial Losses

Road traffic accidents (RTA) are a global problem resulting in deaths, physical injuries, psychological problems and financial losses. These financial damages have immediate consequences and long term consequences on the victims and their families. Different countries have different impact of road traffic accidents and therefore spend dissimilar amounts in their budgets to prevent the road traffic accidents. If the financial losses due to road traffic accidents are calculated and highlighted by the researchers, the respective governments will be willing to spend higher amount in their budgets to prevent such accidents; as governments will be able to directly see the benefits to their countries, of spending higher budget amounts. Various countries are acting differently to reduce this menace of road traffic accidents and World Health Organization (WHO) is celebrating “Decade for road safety” to reduce the accidents and thus the financial loses to the society.

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Outcome in consecutive emergency department attenders following a road traffic accident

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.179.6.528 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 179 (6) ◽

pp. 528-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Richard Mayou ◽

Bridget Bryant

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Road Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Clinical Care ◽

District General Hospital ◽

Self Report ◽

Physical Injuries ◽

Accident And Emergency

BackgroundLittle is known about the consequences of road traffic accidents.AimsTo determine psychological and social outcome at 3 months and I year following a road traffic accident.MethodA cohort study of a 1-year sample of consecutive attenders (n=1148) aged 17–69 years at the accident and emergency department of a teaching district general hospital (excluding major head injury). Data were extracted from medical notes and from self-report at baseline, 3 months and 1 year.ResultsMost (61%) injuries were physically minor. At 1 year 45% reported major physical problems and 32% reported psychiatric consequences. Non-injury variables were the principal predictors of outcome.ConclusionsOutcome across a range of variables is considerably worse than would be expected from the nature of the physical injuries. There is a need for changes in clinical care and socio-legal policy to prevent, identify and treat distressing and disabling chronic problems.

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Management of Mass Casualties from Traffic Accidents in China

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00009092 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (S2) ◽

pp. S9-S10

Author(s):

Zhang Hong-Qi ◽

Zhang Yu-Zhen

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Mass Casualties

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Traffic accidents related to sleep apnea

Therapeutische Umschau ◽

10.1024/0040-5930.57.7.435 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

pp. 435-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Laube ◽

Bloch

Keyword(s):

Sleep Apnea ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Obstruktive Schlafapnoe

Einnicken am Steuer ist eine häufige und verhütbare, aber bisher noch zu wenig beachtete Ursache von Verkehrsunfällen. Eine Hypersomnie mit unfreiwilligem Einschlafen am Steuer in gefährlichen Situationen wird durch akuten oder chronischen Schlafmangel, durch die Schlafqualität beeinträchtigendes Verhalten und krankhafte Schlafstörungen begünstigt. Eine häufige Erkrankung, die sich typischerweise mit vermehrter Einschlafneigung manifestiert, ist das obstruktive Schlafapnoe Syndrom. Betroffene Patienten haben ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für Unfälle im Straßenverkehr. Die Früherkennung, Abklärung und Behandlung betroffener Fahrzeuglenker sowie eine gezielte Aufklärung der Öffentlichkeit über das Risiko des Einnickens am Steuer können wesentlich zur Verhütung solcher Unfälle beitragen.

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